A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN HERALDRY by JAMES PARKER

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Dacre's knot. See Cord.
Dagger, (fr. poignard): Amongst weapons daggers are frequently borne, though blazoned under different names. Their position should be described, whether paleways or fessways. If not otherwise stated the points should be upwards, The hilts, pomels, &c., may be of a different tincture.

    Gules, a fesse chequy argent and azure, a dagger paleways in base proper. [and in chief a mullet for difference]--LINDSAY, Pitscandly, Scotland.
    Sable, two daggers in saltire, points upwards, between four fleur-de-lys argent--BARROW, Bp. of Sodor and Man, 1663, afterwards of S.Asaph, 1670-80.
    Ermine, two bars within a bordure engrailed gules; on a canton of the last a dagger erect proper, pomel and hilt or--NUGENT, Berks.
    Azure, a fesse or, between three dagger's heads of the last--LOCKYER, 1672.
    Azure, a chevron between three daggers, with blades wavy, pointing downwards argent--CLEATHER, Cornwall.

The other names and varieties found are dirk, rapier, and skean, or skene, the last a Scottish word for a weapon, which perhaps may be best described as a short sword, and is borne mostly by various branches of the family of SKENE.

    Argent, a chevron between three dirks azure hilted or, with those in chief pointing downward--GLASHAM, Scotland.
    Gules, a dirk palewise argent, between two fleurs-de-lys in chief and a mullet in base or--MACAUL, Scotland.
    Gules, a dexter hand fessways, holding a rapier erect, on the point a boar's head proper--BEATH.
    Azure, a skean in fesse argent, hilted and pomelled or, between three boar's heads, couped of the second and muzzled sable--FORBES, Robslaw.
    Gules, three skenes palewise in fesse argent, hilts and pomels or, surmounted of as many wolves' heads of the third--SKENE, Aberdeen.
    Per chevron argent and gules, three skeans surmounted with as many wolves' heads counterchanged--SKENE, Newtile.

Daim, (fr.). See Deer.
Daisy, (fr. marguerite): this flower appears but rarely.

    Quarterly, argent and gules, on a cross between four half roses, a daisy counterchanged, stalked vert--George DAY, Bp. of Chichester, 1543[Harl. MS. 1116].
    Argent, three daisies gules, stalked and leaved vert--DAISIE, Scotland.
    D'or, à trois marguerites[ou paquerettes] d'argent boutonnées d'or--PASQUIER, Orleanais.

Damask. See Rose.

VAVASOUR.

STONOR.

FITZ-JOCELYN.

Dancetté or dancetty, and sometimes dantelly, (fr. denché): a zigzag line of partition, differing from indented only in the indentations, being larger in size, and consequently fewer in number.
Dancetty per long is a term said to be used by some heralds to signify that the indentations are very deep; so deep as to be equivalent to pily. The terms dauncet and dauncelet are used evidently for a fesse dancetté, and there are various contractions found in the rolls, e.g. daunce, daunze, dans, &c. The fesse dancetté and the division called per fesse dancetté have but three indentations, unless particularly described otherwise.

    Or, a fesse dancetté sable--VAVASOUR, Yorkshire.
    Gules, four bars dancetty argent--TOTTENHAM.
    Gules, a fesse dancetty in the upper part or--THORELYS.
    Monsire John de STONOR, port d'azur une dauncelet d'or une chief d'or--Roll, temp. ED. III.
    Azure, two bars dancetty or, a chief argent--Rt. Hon. Thomas STONOR, Baron Camoys. [The arms are painted as in the margin, in windows of Watlington and Pirton churches; also on the tomb ascribed to Sir John de Stonor in Dorchester church.]
    Sire Richard LOVEDAY, de azure, a iij daunces de or--Roll, temp. ED. II.
    Sire William DEYNCOURT, de argent, billette de sable e un daunce de sable--Ibid.
    Sire Edmon de KENDALE de argent a une bende daunce de vert, et ij coties daunce de goules--Ibid.
    Argent, a fesse dancetty with a cross formy issuing in chief gules--Arms ascribed to Reginald FITZ-JOCELYN, Bp. of Bath and Wells, 1191.
    Sire Johan de la RIVIERE, de azure a ij daunces de or--Roll, temp. ED. II.
    John DEYNCOURT, azure, ung danse et billety d'or--Roll, temp. HEN. III.
    Sir Roger le BRED, de goules besaunte de or e un daunce de or--Roll, temp. ED. II.

ZORKE.

The term downset seems a barbarism for dauncet, and as applied to a bend signifies fracted, or broken. In a grammar of Glossary of Heraldry, Harl. MS., No. 1441, fol. 97, the figure of a bend is drawn as in the margin. A figure of a double downset has already been given under bend.

Per pale argent and azure, a bend downset counterchanged--ZORKE, Cotton MS. Tiberius D, 10, fol. 672.
Azure, crusilly argent, a fesse double downset ermine--MOIGNE, co. Leicester.

Danché, i.q. danché=indented.
Dancing: applied to bears.
Danish hatchet: see Axe. Ditto warrior: see Man.
Dart, (fr. dart). See Spear.
Dauncelet, (fr.): a bar dancetty.
Daw. See Raven.
De l'un en l'autre, or De l'un à l'autre, nearly always means counterchanged, except in the case when applied to 'two bends indented de l'un en l'autre.'
Death's head. See Achievements; also Bones.
Debased: when arms are reversed. See Abatement.
Debruised, (fr. brisé): 1. a term applied more especially to an animal having an ordinary or other charge over it, which also extends over part of the field as well. It is more usual to blazon an ordinary thus treated as surmounted by, though there does not appear to be any very definite rule followed as to the distinctive used of the two terms. It will be observed that this differs essentially from one bearing being charged with another, because in the latter case the sur-charge does not extend into the field.

STUART.

    Argent, a lion rampant gules, debruised with a ragged staff in bend throughout or--STUART, [being an augmentation given by King Charles VI. of France, to Sir Alexander STUART, knight, and since borne by the family upon an inescutcheon over their paternal arms.]
    Azure, a lion rampant argent, debruised with a bend gules--WAYLAND, Kent.
    Argent, a saltire sable, debruised of a pale gules--John CONEYBEARE, Bp. of Bristol, 1750-55.
    Sable, a fesse debruised by a pile or--BRINGBURN.
    Or, a chevron gules surmounted by a bendlet azure--Robert de STAFFORD.

The terms depressed and oppressed seem to have practically the same signification as above.

    Argent, five annulets, one within the other, azure, alternately oppressing a cross engrailed sable--Robert GIFFORD, Harl. MS., 6137.
    Or, five annulets, one within the other vert, embracing and depressed by a cross engrailed gules--Robert GYFFARD.
    Gules, a fesse ermine, depressed by a pale of the same within a bordure engrailed azure--SPONNE.

Another application of the word, but rarely and improperly used, is when a bend or chevron is broken.
Dechausse, written also dehaché, (fr.): Dismembered.
Decked: sometimes said of feathers trimmed at their edges with a different tincture.
Declinant, said to be used of the tail of a serpent hanging down.
Decoupé, (fr.): with the edges cut out, or into shreds.
Decrement in, and Decrescent See Moon.
Deeble, or, as commonly written, dibble, is the gardener's implement, and is borne for the sake of the name.

Azure, three deebles argent--DEEBLE.

Reindeer.

Deer: the term deer(fr. daim, old fr. deym) is seldom used in blazoning, but it is convenient to employ it here as a general name under which to group several of the family of Cervidœ. First and most common is the stag itself(fr. cerf), but other names appear, frequently representing varieties of stags, and in some cases evidently used for the sake of the name, rather than for any difference which could be shewn in the drawing. They are Hart, Buck, Roe, Roebuck, Doe, Fawn, Hind(fr. biche), Brocket. The Brocket is a young stag up to two years, or(according to some authors) to three years, old; it becomes a Buck in its sixth year. With them may be classed the Reindeer(fr. renchier), which heralds distinguish from the stag by double attires, one pair erect, the other pendent, as shewn in the diagram in the margin.
It may be added that the old name was simply cerf, and according to the rolls it is chiefly the head which appears on the ancient arms, but it will be observed that the two examples given are probably both allusive. In the first the biche(fr. for hind) probably refers to the name BECHE; and in the second the 'hert' or 'hart' distinctly alludes to the name HERTFORD.

Sire Johan de BECHE, de argent, a une bende de goules a iij testes de cerfs de or en le cantel un merelos de sable--Roll, temp. ED. II.
Monsire de HERTFORD port d'argent a une fes sable a trois testes de cerfs d'or en le fes--Roll, temp. ED. III.

Taking the stag as the typical beast of chase, it will be well here to note the terms which are especially applied in heraldry to the positions in which it may be represented.
It may be statant(fr. arrêté), which means that it is standing still, with all its feet touching the ground; while statant at gaze, or standing at gaze, means that it is the same, and guardant(which is the term used of beasts of prey). Further, it may be represented as grazing, or more correctly(of stags) browsing, that is, with its head touching the ground, in the act of feeding; or at bay, i.e. with head downwards.

    Argent, a stag statant gules--HOLME.
    Argent, a stag statant at gaze gules--GRYFFYDD GWR.
    Gules, a stag standing at gaze argent, attired or--JONES.
    Ermine, three stags at gaze gules--BLYTHE, Bp. of Salisbury, 1493-99.
    Azure, on a mount vert a hind grazing argent--HENDLEY, Lancaster.
    Or, two tilting spears in saltire sable, surmounted by a stag browsing proper; a chief azure .... --THORNHILL, Derby.

STRAHAN.

COTTINGHAM.

FISHER.

Or, again, a stag may be trippant, or tripping, that is passant, but in a leisurely manner(and when two, counter-trippant); while courant, or more properly, in full course(fr. elancé), means that the stag must be represented as if passing at full speed. Again, instead of the term rampant, which is applied to beasts of prey, the terms used for stags are springing, or salient.

    Argent, a buck tripping upon a mound proper--STRAHAN.
    Vert, three roebucks trippant argent, attired or--TROLLOP.
    Azure, three stags trippant or--GREEN, Bp. of Lincoln, 1761-79.
    Azure, a reindeer trippant ermine--WALSTONE.
    Gules, a chevron between three hinds tripping or--HINDE.
    Ermine, three bucks trippant gules, on a chief indented, party per pale or and azure, a cross patonce counterchanged between two roses dexter gules, sinister or--Geoffrey BLYTHE, Bp. of Lichfield and Coventry, 1503-31.
    Sable, two hinds counter-tripping, in fesse argent[or as elsewhere blazoned, Sable, two hinds counter-passant, the one facing to the sinister, surmounting the other in fesse argent]--COTTINGHAM.
    Sable, two bucks in full course or--BUCKSIDE.
    Azure, a stag in full course or, pursued by a brace of dogs argent, all bendwise and at random--YARDLEY.
    Vert, a stag courant argent, armed or--GETTHIN, co. Cork.
    Azure, a hart springing or--STRATHALLAN.
    Sable, on a mount vert, two stags salient affrontant argent, collared and chained or--FISHER, Bp. of Exeter, 1803: afterwards Bp. of Salisbury, 1807-25.
    ... Two does counter-salient ... --DRYHURST.
    Argent, a stag salient proper armed or--KIRCH.
    Sable, two greyhounds rampant, regardant, addorsed argent; in chief between them a fawn's head cabossed or--BARNARD, Hants.

DOWNES.

Or, lastly, the stag may be couchant, or more properly lodged, which latter is a term used specially of the stag. It may also be represented in a sitting posture, when the term sejant is applied, the same as that used for other animals.

    Azure, (another sable,) a buck lodged argent--DOWNES, Cheshire.
    Vert, three stags lodged argent, attired or, and langued gules--ANDERSON.
    Vert, a hind couchant argent--PEYTON, co. Brecon.
    Argent, a stag sejant gules attired or, in the mouth a trefoil slipped proper--BOWEN.

Besides these the expressions applied to other animals are found sometimes used, e.g. unguled when the hoofs are of different tincture, armed(though this very improperly), to include both horns and hoods, and also langued; and so also the terms passant, guardant, and reguardant, and even rampant, are found.

Quarterly or and azure, four roebucks passant counterchanged--ROSINDALE, [4441].
Vert, a buck rampant proper--PARKER, Cheshire.

As already noted under attires the horns of the stag are considered as ornaments, and hence the term attired is more properly employed than either armed or horned. An old term for the stag's horns is perches. The number of tynes or projections from the beam is sometimes given, if not it is quite optional. Also it may be observed that stags' heads are very frequently adopted. In one case even the stag's ears. When the front only of the head, with the attires, but without the neck, is shewn, it may be called a stag's head caboshed(fr. rencontre); the French term massacre may also be used, though some think that only a portion of the cranium should in this case be shewn.

    Or, a stag's head couped and attired with six tynes on every horn sable--CALDER, Scotland.
    Azure, three stag's heads couped argent, attired with ten tynes or--PORTEOUS, Scotland.
    Argent, a stag's head erased, armed with three tines gules--CRAWFURD.
    Argent, a buck's head cabossed sable, the tips of all the attires or--SNOKISHULL.
    Le Counte de WARTEMBERG, BARNARD, Hants, d'or a iij perches de deym de sable--Harl. MS. 6589.
    Azure, a bend between a deer's head erased, and in base three crosses crosslet fitchy argent--PETREE.
    Argent, three brocket's heads, couped azure collared or, thereto a bell affixed gules--HANNEY.
    Argent, three reindeer's heads cabossed sable--BOWETT, York.
    D'azur, a trois massacres de cerf d'or--LA FERTÉ.

Badge of RIC.II.

One of the badges of Richard II. was a white hart couchant beneath a tree proper, gorged with a crown and chained or. The annexed cut is from a carving in Westminster Hall, and a similar representation is seen in the glass in the chapel of S.Michael in Canterbury Cathedral.
Deer-goat: a monstrosity. See Goat.
Defamed, (fr. diffamé): a term applied to a lion or other beast(and perhaps also to an eagle) which has lost its tail. Defamed looking backwards is given by some writers for counter rampant regardant, the lion being supposed to be flying from an enemy, but it is doubtful if any example exists.
Defense, (fr.): used for the tusk of a boar, or of an elephant.
Degrees=Steps, as a Cross of three degrees, more frequently termed grieces; or degraded. See under Cross, §15.
Dejected: cast down, e.g. of a garb; or hanging down, e.g. of the head or tail of an animal.

Delf.

Delf, or Delph, (plural delves). This word(derived from the verb delve, to dig) is the name of a charge representing a shovelful of earth: the sides are sometimes drawn straight, sometimes curved inwards. When tenne, it is said to be one of the abatements, and it is then over the fesse point. See also Gad.

Argent, a chevron between three delves gules--DELVES.
Or, a fesse wavy between three delves[elsewhere billets] sable--STANFORD.

MATTHIAS.

The representations of this charge are sometimes very doubtful, and they have been blazoned cubes, gads(as in the insignia of the IRONMONGERS' COMPANY), blocks, &c.; but in the following examples the cubes are no doubt intended for dice, and should be drawn as such.

    Azure, a chevron between three dice sable, each charged with four spots--ENGLOWES, Somerset.
    Argent, a chevron between three dice sable, each charged with a cinquefoil[? 5 spots] of the first--FITZWILLIAMS, York.
    Gules, three dice argent, on each five(six ?) spots in front, two upon the top, and three on the sinister side, sable--MATTHIAS, London.

The last of those given is supposed to be allusive to the election of S.Matthias to the Apostleship.

MALLORY.

Demi, or Demy, i.e. fr. for half: when applied to an animal, its upper or fore half is always intended; when any thing inanimate, generally the dexter half per pale.
    Demi-fleur-de-lis. The fleur-de-lis may be divided either per pale or per fesse; the former is usually intended.
    A demi-lion may be passant, rampant, or in any of the other positions.
    Demi-vol: one wing. See also demi-garter; and demi-hull under ship.

Argent, on a fesse gules between three demi-hinds couped azure as many bezants--HEYNES.
Argent(another or), a demi-lion rampant gules--DENNETT; MALLORY.

Demi-vol, (fr.): signifies a single wing of a bird.
Denché, (fr.): perhaps something between indented and dancetty.
Denchure, (fr.): a fillet indented at the top of the shield, not borne in English, and very rare in French, arms.
Denté, (fr.): with teeth, when of a different tincture.
Dentelé, (fr.): indented.
Denticulé, (fr.): used of a bordure with very fine indentations.
Depressed by: sometimes used for debruised or surmounted by.
Detriment, in; of the Moon, q.v.
Develloped: unfurled, e.g. of a flag. Written also disvelloped, and divelloped.
Device, (fr. devise): a motto, emblem, or other mark by which those who entered the lists were distinguished at tournaments, but especially a motto affixed to the arms, having some punning allusion to the name. It differed from a badge or cognizance only inasmuch as it was an arbitrary and generally temporary distinction, whereas the badge was often borne by members of the same house successively.
Dexter: the right-hand side of the shield, being that to the left of the spectator. A bend, if not otherwise blazoned, is supposed to be a bend dexter, but a baston is often described as a dexter baston. The term is frequently applied to the hand.

Argent, a lion rampant gules, over all a dexter baston compony or and azure--Piers LUCIEN.

Dextrochère, (fr.): a dexter arm issuing from the sinister side of the shield, very frequently from clouds. It may be bare, or armed, or bearing weapons. It is only found in French heraldry.
Dez: old fr. for dice.
Diademé, (fr.): used of an eagle with a fillet of gold on its head.
Diamond, (fr. diamant): this, the chief of precious stones, is sometimes represented in English, but more frequently in French, coats of arms, and with this may be associated both the crystal and the brilliant. The term, however, it may be added, has been chosen in the fanciful blazoning of the arms of peers in the seventeenth century for sable.

    Argent, on a mount vert, a palm tree of the last thereon pendent a shield azure, charged with three mullets of the first pierced of the third; on a chief of the last a sun proper between two rings or, each adorned with a diamond--NORDEN, London, [1771].
    Or, a chevron between nine links of a chain, each division consisting of three links sable. On a chief gules, a large diamond set in the midst of a triangle within a double row of brilliants proper--MIGNOT.
    Argent, on a fesse gules, three Crystals .... in a bordure ermine--BOUSALL, Co. Cardigan.
    De gueules, à trois diamants en lozanges tailleés a facettes d'argent, en fasces--AFFAGARD, Normandie.

Diapered.

Diapered, (fr. diapré): an ancient mode of relieving the plain tinctures of fields and charges by arabesque and other patterns, generally of a darker shade of the same colour, and left to the fancy of the painter or sculptor. Some species of diapering have been mistaken for fretty, as that on the tomb of Robert DE VERE, in the church of Hatfield-Broad-Oak, Essex. At the same time it appears to have been recognised as a mode of tincture, as in the following:--

Le Counte CHAUMPAINE, d'azur a une bende d'argent a custeres d'or diasprez--Roll, temp. HEN. III., Harl. MS. 6589.
Le Counte DEL ILLE, de goules a treis barres dor diasprez--Ibid.

What is meant by diapers in the following arms as thus blazoned in Burke is not clear. Papworth suggests didapper, an aquatic bird.

Argent, on a chevron gules between three diapers azure, a crescent or charged with a mullet sable--BREDNELL, London.

Dibble. See Deeble.
Dice. See Delf.
Diffamé. See Defamed.
Differences. See Cadency, marks of.
Dimidiated, (fr. mi-parti) halved; applied to animals, birds(especially eagles), fleurs-de-lis, &c., of which only one half is shewn, in consequence of the field being party per pale. When only two half-charges are joined together, e.g. a rose and pomegranate, they may be blazoned as a demi-rose conjoined with a demi-pomegranate. See arms of BILSON under Pomegranate, and of CINQUE PORTS under ship.

CAMPEGIUS.

    Party per pale argent, an eagle displayed sable dimidiated per pale, and argent a wolf salient sable--Laurence CAMPEGIUS, Bp. of Salisbury, 1525-34.
    Gules, an eagle displayed double-headed or, dimidiated with chequy argent and azure--SWEETMAN, co. Kilkenny.
    D'or, à l'aigle de l'empire mi-parti d'azur à la fleur-de-lis d'or--BASTARD, Berry.

The expression impaling arms by dimidiation, will be referred to under Marshalling, when the whole coat of arms, both of wife and husband, is dimidiated.
Diminutive. See Ordinary.
Dirk. See Dagger.
Disarmed, (fr. desarmé and morné): rarely applied to lions without teeth, talons, &c., and eagles without claws, &c.
Disclosed. See Wings.

Dish.

Dish, or standish; this is represented as in the margin, in Bp. STANDISH'S arms, and the charge is also found blazoned as a platter. Though in the second example the charge is blazoned as a dish, it was probably intended for a bowl.

Sable, three dishes argent--STANDISH, Bp. of S.Asaph, 1518-35.
Azure, three boar's heads couped argent, within as many dishes or--BOLLES, Lincoln.

Dismembered.

Dismembered, (fr. demembré, or dechaussé), is said by writers to be applied to beasts whose heads, feet, or tails are cut off, but left so near the parts whence they were severed that the outline of the animal remains the same, but the term has not been met with in actual use. The French term tronconné, or trononné, is said to be applied to various charges, and even to ordinaries when so severed. See Cross, §7.

    Or, a lion rampant dechaussé[or couped at all the joints], within a double tressure flory counter-flory gules--MAITLAND, Earl of Lauderdale.
    Or, a lion rampant couped in all the joints of the first--MAITLAND, Scotland.
    Gules, a lion rampant the head argent divided by a line indented or erased from the body or--GRACE.
    D'argent, au lion de sable accompagne de trois merlettes demembrées aussi de sable--PICARD, Bretagne.

Displayed. See Eagle; also Wings.

Distillatory 1.

Distillatory 2.

Distillatory: this device, borne by the DISTILLERS' Company, and usually blazoned 'a distillatory double armed,' is represented on their arms as in the margin.

Azure, a fesse wavy argent, in chief the sun in splendour encircled with a cloud distilling drops of rain all proper; in base a distillatory double armed or on a fire proper, with two worms and bolt receivers of the second--DISTILLERS' Company[Incorporated 1638].

Another 'distillatory,' or 'still,' is represented as the smaller engraving, and appears as the crest of the family of WYNINGTON, London.
Distilling drops of blood: said sometimes of a part of an animal, e.g. under Deer, i.q. imbrued.
Diverse: an irregular term applied to three swords or other charges posed in different directions, e.g. in arms of STAPLETON, Cumberland, under Point.
Divise, fasce en(fr.)=bar.
Dock-leaf: this leaf seems to be borne almost entirely by Scotch families, and is variously named edock(lat. rumex), burdock(lat. arctium), or simply dock leaf, or even bur leaf.

    Argent, three dock-leaves vert--BRAINISS, Scotland.
    Argent, a bishop's pall sable, between three dock-leaves vert--MARSHALL, Scotland.
    Argent, a saltire humetty azure; between an edock-leaf in each flank and base vert--MARISHALL, Queensbury.
    Argent, three burdock-leaves vert--NOBLE, Edinburgh.
    Or, a chevron ermine between three bur-leaves proper; (a crescent for difference)--BURWELL, Suffolk.

Doe. See Deer.
Dog, (fr. chien): occurs very frequently in armorial bearings, and under a variety of names; the drawing in most cases being made generally to suit the dog described. The oldest name is the levrier, spelt leverer, and amongst the arms of the last two or three centuries the greyhound is the most frequently chosen, the bloodhound and the ratch-hound but rarely.
The talbot is a hunting-dog, distinguished chiefly by the form of his ears; the modern mastiff occurs in one or two coats of arms, and we find also the spaniel and the terrier. The Alant, or Aland, [Span. alano., med. lat. Canes alani], a mastiff with short ears, appears to be used only as the supporter of the arms of Lord DACRE.

  "About his char ther wenten white alauns."--Chaucer, Knight's Tale. 2450.

In the following examples it will be seen that besides the ordinary position of the dog, which is passant, it may be represented, sejant, rampant, salient, skipping, questing(i.e. pointing), courant, and in full cry. The ears may be of a different tincture, and it is frequently gorged or collared.

HOLFORD.

WOLVESLEY.

SUDBURY.

    Sire William MAULEVERER, de argent a iij leverers de goules--Roll, temp. ED. II.
    Sir Perez BURDEUX, porte d'or ou ung lev'er de gules, ou le collere de sable ou le bordure de sable besante dor--Harl. MS. 6589.
    Per pale gules and azure, three hounds in full cry--TURNER[Lord Mayor of London, 1769].
    Argent, a greyhound passant sable collared gules--HOLFORD.
    Argent, a greyhound salient party per long sable and of the first--DE LA FORDE, Iver, Bucks.
    Argent, a greyhound courant sable, in a bordure engrailed gules--Ralph BRIDEOKE, Bp. of Chichester, 1675-78.
    Vert, three greyhounds argent, gutté de larmes; on a chief or a fox passant gules--WELDISH, Kent[granted 1542].
    Argent, a greyhound skipping in bend sable--ATTWOOD.
    Gules, two greyhounds salient affrontant or--DOGGET, Norfolk.
    Argent, on a chief dancetty sable three bezants; in base a greyhound courant of the second collared or--Offspring BLACKALL, Bp. of Exeter, 1708-16.
    Gules, two greyhounds salient counter-salient in saltire(the dexter surmounted by the sinister) argent, collared of the field between three fleurs-de-lys two and one; in chief a stag's head couped attired with ten tynes or--UDNEY, Scotland.
    Sable, a bloodhound passant within a bordure engrailed argent--SUDBURY.
    Azure, three bloodhounds argent--RAGON.
    Argent, a ratch-hound courant between three hunting-horns sable--FORRESTER, Dundee.
    Argent, a talbot passant gules--WOLVESLEY, Suffolk.
    Argent, a talbot passant sable eared and collared or; to the collar a ring of the second; on a chief indented azure three crosses crosslet of the third--KENE, Norfolk.
    Sable, three talbot's heads erased argent langued gules--Joseph HALL, Bp. of Exeter, 1627; afterwards of Norwich, 1641-56.
    Or, a fesse wavy, between three talbots questing sable--ALLEN, Kent.
    Azure, a talbot passant argent collared gules lined or; at the end of the line a knot--BURGOYNE.
    Azure, a talbot seiant within a bordure engrailed argent--Simon SUDBURY, Bp. of London, 1362; afterwards Abp. Cant., 1375-81. [From glass at Trinity Hall, Cambridge.]
    Argent, on a fesse between two mullets in chief gules, and a dove in base azure, a mastiff's head couped of the field--FUDDIE, Scotland.
    Argent, a spaniel-dog passant proper; on a chief embattled azure, a key palewise, the wards upward between two crosses crosslet or--MAIRE.
    Azure, a chevron argent between in chief two garbs or, and in base a spaniel passant proper; in the centre chief point a cross crosslet fitchy of the second--BURDEN.
    Gules, a fesse ermine between three water-spaniels argent, each holding in the mouth a birdbolt or--RIGGS, Lincoln.
    Sable, a chevron ermine between three terriers argent--BUTHER.
    Sable, a chevron between three spotted dogs of the second--HARTHAM, co. Leicester.

Dog-fish. See Shark.
Dog-hook. See Horse-picker.
Doloire, (old fr.): the head of an adze, without the handle.
Dolphin, (fr. dauphin): the Dolphin, which is not a true fish at all, according to the system of naturalists, was considered by the older heralds as the chief of fish, just as the lion was the chief of beasts, and the eagle the chief of birds.
It is even used in arms when it is supposed to be a play upon the name of fish, e.g.

    Azure, a fesse wavy or between two crescents in chief, and a dolphin in base argent--FISH, Kempton, Middlesex.
    Gules, a dolphin or; a chief ermine--FISHER, Whitlingham, Norfolk.
    Azure, a dolphin embowed between three ears of wheat or--John FYSHAR, Bp. of Rochester. [From a facsimile of a Parliament Roll, 1515.]

In the Arms of the FISHMONGERS' Company of London, both the Dolphin, and the Lucy, or pike, are borne-intended, no doubt, the one as the type of the sea-fish, the other of those of fresh-water. It is probably due to the same reason that several Lord Mayors, who were members of the Fishmongers' Company, bore the dolphin in their arms; and perhaps also why some seaport towns also bear it, e.g. BRIGHTON.

    Azure, three dolphins naiant in pale argent, finned and ducally crowned or, between two pair of lucies in saltire, the sinister surmounting the dexter proper; over the nose of each lucy a ducal crown of the third; on a chief gules three pair of keys endorsed in saltire or--FISHMONGERS' COMPANY.
    Gules, a fesse or between three dolphins embowed argent--Sir William ASKHAM, Lord Mayor of London, 1404.
    A chevron between three dolphins embowed--Sir John RAINWELL, Lord Mayor of London, and Fishmonger, 1426.

The badge of the County of Dauphiné in France appears from the thirteenth century onwards to have been a Dolphin, an early example of 'Armes parlantes.' It was subsequently borne by the Dauphins, who were styled Lords of Auvergne. In the fourteenth century the title of Dauphin being adopted as the style of the eldest son of the King of France, the charge frequently appears. The Arms of the Dauphin, son of Louis XIV., represent in the third and fourth quarters a dolphin, while the crown which serves as the crest is ornamented also with dolphins. The Dolphin is also used in other canting arms, besides those of the DAUPHIN of France, i.e. the Venetian family of DOLFIN, and the English families of DOLPHIN, DOLPHINLEY, DOLPHINTON, and Lord GODOLPHIN.
Although the fish is in reality straight it is always represented embowed, i.e. curved, and this term is often added in the blazon; in more recent drawings it is represented with a double curve, i.e. bowed embowed, though the terms are not used. It is blazoned either hauriant(i.e. upright), or naiant, i.e. in fesse; sometimes also erect. It may be also vorant(i.e. swallowing a fish). It may be fimbriated or finned of a different tincture.

DOLFINTON.

BARNARD.

    Le comte de FOREST, de goules a un dauffin de mer dor--Roll, temp. HEN. III., Harl. MS. 6589.
    Sire Johan de MAULEE de or, a une bende de sable, en la bende iij daufins de argent--Roll, temp. ED. II.
    Sable, a dolphin haurient or--DOLFINTON.
    Azure, a fesse between three dolphins naiant argent--BARNARD, Essex[also LEMAN].
    Argent, two dolphins haurient respecting each other sable, chained together by their necks, the chain pendent or[otherwise an anchor between two dolphins proper]--COLSTON, Essex.
    Per pale or and azure, two dolphins erect counterchanged; on a chief gules a covered cup between as many dovecots of the first--COTES, Lord Mayor of London, 1542.
    Gules, on a chevron engrailed argent, three dolphins embowed proper--Arms ascribed to Ralph FLAMBARD, Bp. of Durham, 1099-1128.
    Sable, a dolphin embowed argent fimbriated or--JAMES.
    Argent, three dolphins haurient azure, finned or--GILROY, Scotland.
    Argent, a fesse gules oppressed with two dolphins haurient respectant in pale or, the space between them ermine--BUCKLAND.
    Argent, three dolphins haurient azure, finned or--GILROY, Scotland.
    Vert, three dolphins embowed naiant in pale argent--DOLFINLEY, Hants.
    Quarterly, first and fourth; azure, a dolphin embowed argent; second and third; argent, a cross engrailed sable, in dexter chief an eagle displayed gules--Richard FITZ-JAMES, Bishop of Rochester, 1497, of Chichester, 1504, and London, 1506-22.
    Argent, on a bend azure three dolphins of the field, [and Crest a dolphin embowed proper pierced through the sides with two fishing spears in saltire or]--William FRANKLIN, Hertfordshire, 1613.

Dolphins are also used very frequently both as supporters and crests.
Domed. See Tower.
Donjonné, (fr.): of a castle which has turrets.
Door. See under porch of a church.
Door-bolt. See Lock.
Dorcers. See Water-bouget.
Doric column. See Pillar.
Dormant: sleeping, with the head resting on the fore-paws.
Dorsed: shewing the back, particularly of a hand, and so contrary to apaumy.
Dos a dos: old French term for endorsed.
Dosser. See Water-bouget.
Doubling: the lining of a mantle: if or, or argent, supposed to be of cloth of gold, or white fur.
Dove, (fr. colombe): the Dove is a very frequent device; sometimes the turtle dove and sometimes the ringed dove are specially mentioned. And also with the dove may be grouped the Pigeon, with its fellows the Stock-dove and Wood-pigeon. It is said to have been adopted as an emblem of purity, and sometimes it appears as the Holy Dove. The Dove is subjected to the usual terms expressing position, &c., applicable to birds(see eagle), but the more frequent are volant, close, rising, and often having an olive-branch or some sprig in the mouth, and in one case 'displayed in a glory,' and also nimbed. It may be, of course, also membered, legged, beaked, billed, &c., of a different tincture.
It will be observed that the dove very frequently occurs in the arms granted to Bishops, and sometimes it is used evidently for the sake of the name.

COLUMBALL.

    Sable, three doves argent, beaked and membered gules, each holding an olive-branch proper--COLUMBALL[temp. RIC. II.]
    Gules, on a fesse argent, between three doves proper, as many crosses formé, of the field--Peter GUNNING, Bp. of Chichester, 1670; afterwards of Ely, 1675-84.
    Argent, on a chevron between three crosses formy gules three doves of the field--SANCROFT, Abp. of Cant., 1678-91.
    Argent, on a pale azure between two crosslets gules, a dove displayed in a glory issuing from a chief of the first--Anthony KITCHIN, Bp. of Llandaff, 1545-65.
    Azure, a cross patty between four doves argent--Thomas Dove, Bp. of Peterborough, 1601-30.
    Azure, on a chevron argent between three dove's heads erased of the second, each bearing in its beak a flower, two roses gules, stalked and leaved proper--HOLBECK, Bp. of Rochester, 1544; Bp. of Lincoln, 1547-57.
    Argent, a cross gules between four doves, the dexter wings expanded and inverted azure--COLLEGE OF ARMS, or HERALDS' OFFICE.
    Per fesse azure and argent, a pale counterchanged, three doves of the last, each holding in his beak an olive-branch or--TALLOW CHANDLERS' Company, incorporated 1463.
    Barry wavy of five argent and azure; on a mount vert in the centre a dove rising nimbed gold, between three fishes naiant or--John HILSEY, Bp. of Rochester, 1535-38.
    Argent, a cross azure between three ring-doves vert beaked and legged gules--DALTON.
    Argent, a chevron between three turtle-doves azure--WINTOUN, Strathmartine, Scotland.
    Gules, a cross engrailed between four stock-doves azure--ALBERY, Wickingham, co. Berks, 1590.
    Argent, three pigeons azure--MOMPESSON.
    Or, on a mullet sable a pigeon argent--DON, Ardonhall, Scotland.
    Azure, on a chevron or three wood-pigeons proper, each charged on the breast with an ogress; another chevron couped sable--PENFOLD, Cissbury, Sussex.
    Argent, a chevron sable between three wood-doves proper--SCARELL, Thanks, Cornwall; confirmed, June 16, 1602.

Dove-cot.

Dove-cot, or Dove-house: this is represented usually as in the margin, but other forms are found.

    Vairy argent and sable, two bars or; on a chief of the last three dove-cots gules--LYDCOTTE, Oxon.
    Sable, a chevron or between three dove-cots argent--SHAPCOTT, Devon.
    Sable, three dove-houses argent--SAPCOTTE, co. Huntungdon, Hertford, Cornwall, &c.

BROMLEY.

Dovetailed: a line of partition of recent origin, derived from the form well known in carpentry. Edmondson says that it was first introduced into English heraldry in 1720. Some writers have used the term lambeauxed, lambeau being the old French for the label, q.v.

    Quarterly per pale dovetailed, gules and or--BROMLEY, Horse-heath, Cambridgeshire.
    Per bend sinister dovetailed or and azure, a lion rampant double queued ermine--STUCKEY.
    Per chevron dovetailed or and vert; three lions rampant counterchanged--RIPLEY, Westminster, granted 1742.
    Argent, a pelican in piety wings expanded proper; a chief dovetailed gules--VOGUALL, London.

Downset: a corruption probably of Dancetty, q.v. See also bend and chevron.
Dragon. See Griffin.
Dragon's head. See Tenné.
Dragon's tail. See Sanguine.
Drake. See Duck.
Draught in: said of a bow and arrow. When in full draught, the bow is bent, just as if the arrow is about to fly.
Drawing-board. See Grose.
Drawing-iron. See Wire-drawing iron.
Drinking-pots. See Cups.
Drops. See Gouttes; but the term has been used erroneously for the ermine spots.
Ducally gorged. See under Collar and Crown.
Ducipers See Cap of maintenance.
Ducks, (fr. canard): We find this very large family(anatinœ) represented in heraldry under several names. The duck proper, as also the drake. The shield-drake, or sheldrake, as it is written(anas tadorna). The wild-duck(anas boschas), with the teal(anas crecea) and the mallard. What is meant by the sea-teal is not certain. The sholarde, or shoveller(anas clypeata) may be distinguished by two small tufts of feathers, one on the back of the head, another on the breast.

CARTHEN.

LANGFORD.

    Argent, a fesse gules between three ducks azure--CARTHEN.
    Argent, a fesse gules fretty or between three ducks sable--HANKINSON, Middlesex.
    Sable, a duck argent beaked or within a bordure engrailed of the last--MORE.
    Gules, a fesse between three drakes argent--Philip ap RHYS.
    Argent, a chevron sable between three drakes azure, beaked and membered or--YEO.
    Argent, on a fesse gules, between three drakes proper, a rose or--DRAX Priory, Yorkshire.
    Argent, on a chevron gules three sheldrakes of the field; on a canton of the second a rose or--SHELDON, Bp. of London, 1560; Abp. of Cant. 1663-77. [Founder of the Sheldonian Theatre; arms granted 1660.]
    Azure, a fesse erminois between three sheldrakes proper--JACKSON.
    Gules, a fesse between three sheldrakes argent--JACKSON(Bart. 1660).
    Azure, a chevron between three wild ducks volant argent--WOLRYCH, Salop.
    Quarterly per fesse indented sable and argent, in the first quarter a mallard of the last--BRESSY, Cheshire.
    Argent, a chevron sable between three mallards proper--Joseph HENSHAW[Bp. of Peterborough, 1673].
    Per chevron gules and sable, in chief two teals argent, in base a fish or--COBB, Norfolk.
    Argent, a sea-teal gules winged or--ELCHAM.
    Gules, a shoveller argent. Crest: a demi-shoveller argent--LANGFORD, London.
    Sable, a shoveller argent--POPLER.
    Gules, a fesse between three shovellers argent--William JACKSON, Bp. of Oxford, 1812-15.
    Azure, three shoveller's heads erased or--Edmund LACY, Bp. of Hereford, 1417; afterwards Bp. of Exeter, 1420-55.
    Quarterly, first and fourth; argent, a chevron sable between three mallards proper; second and third; argent, a cross between four fleurs-de-lys sable--HENSHARD, Bp. of Peterborough, 1663-79.
    Gules, a bend nebuly between two shovellers argent--READE, Oxon.

The Muscovy duck(cairina moschata) and the smew(mergellus albellus) are found named. The white nun is another name for the smew, while the term cannet(fr. canette) seems to be an old heraldic name for a duck, which is to be represented drawn in profile, and is to be used when several appear in the shield.

    Argent, a chevron azure between three muscovy ducks proper--STOCK.
    Azure, a smew or white nun proper--ABNOTT.
    Argent, a chevron gules between three cannets sable--DUBISSON.
    Argent, in chief two cannets, and in base an annulet gules--KENNAWAY, Scotland.
    Argent, seven cannets, 3, 3, and 1 sable--CANNETON.

Duke(from latin, dux; fr. duc,) is the highest title recognised in the British peerage. Whatever may have been the date of the introduction of the term in foreign countries, and however ancient the name, and whatever be its origin, the chief fact to be recorded is that the first dukedom created in England was that of Cornwall, which king Edward III. in the eleventh year of his reign, A.D. 1337, conferred upon the Black Prince his son, since which every eldest son of a sovereign has been duke of Cornwall from his birth. A special Coronet q.v. is assigned heraldically to the title.
Dyke. See Wall.

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