Atomic force microscopes see atoms.

Atomic force microscopy is deadend in one probe.

Today's atomic force microscopes don't see atoms.

We already have technology for useful microscopes.

Quartz sensor is good for multiple probes.

Smaller quartz (= qPlus ) sensors are more sensitive, which can be used for practical multi-probe atomic force microscopes manipulating single atoms.

Physicists use only big qPlus quartz sensors that are easy to handle, because the quartz sensors are so sensitive that they do not need to make quartz sensors smaller to detect single atoms ( this p.11-13 ).

As shown in quartz crystal microbalance (= QCM ), the smaller and thinner quartz sensors are more sensitive with higher resonator fundamental frequency ( this-p.4-last-paragraph,  this-p.2-right-3rd-paragraph, p.3-right-last-paragraph,  this-p.2-2nd-paragraph ).

This p.3-left-last-paragraph says  -- Sensitive quartz sensor
"Therefore, thinning the (quartz) oscillator significantly improves the sensitivity of QCM ( this-p.3-1st-paragraph )"

So we can use the smaller, more sensitive quartz sensors suitable for multiple probe tips of atomic force microscopes.

Atomic force microscopes with multi-probe quartz tips can be easily and precisely manipulated.

We can easily know the precise position of each probe tip of multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

Atomic force microscope with the quartz tip can touch a single atom and measure small electric current as a scanning tunneling microscope at the same time.

↑ So if we demarcate the floor or substrate (= under target atoms or molecules ) by flowing different patterns of oscillating electric currents in different coordinates, we can easily know the precise position of each probe tip that touches the conducting floor and measures the different electric current's patterns.

Today's atomic force microscopes can easily measure each atomic shape, which can be used for the simple practical atomic model suitable for multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

(Fig.3)  We should use the simpler practical atomic model with shapes which can be easily measured by today's atomic force microscopes as Pauli repulsion, instead of wasting time in useless, time-consuming quantum mechanical model.

Atomic force microscopes can know atomic shape.

We should treat each atom and molecule as a real object with shape, which can be easily measured by today's atomic force microscopes.

Today's atomic force microscopes can easily and precisely measure each atomic and molecular shape as Pauli repulsive force (= unreal quantum mechanical Pauli principle cannot explain this real Pauli repulsive contact force ) or weak van der Waals attraction ( this p.4,  this p.4-8,  this p.33-45 ).

So we should be able to treat each atom and molecule with known (= measurable ) shape as a real object or part with shape to clarify molecular mechanisms and design molecular devices by using practical multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

Quantum mechanics cannot give shape to atoms.

Unphysical quantum mechanical models such as Schrodinger wavefunctions and DFT are useless, too time-consuming to use as practical atomic models for multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

The current mainstream old unphysical quantum mechanical models such as Schrödinger equation and density functional theory (= DFT or Kohn-Sham KS theory ) unable to describe each atom as a real atomic object with shape have to rely on extremely time-consuming methods of integrating artificially-chosen (fake) wavefunctions with many freely-adjustable parameters, which is useless, unable to predict anything.

This p.20-last-paragraph says  -- Useless quantum mechanics
"KS DFT is Not an ab initio theory (= DFT is just empirical, unable to predict anything, like the useless Schrodinger equations unsolvable for any multi-electron atoms ), because it does not approach the exact solution"

↑ To protect this current too-time-consuming impractical quantum mechanical models lacking real atomic shape such as DFT, MD ( this-p.9-12 ), academia intentionally hampers developing the useful multi-probe atomic force microscopes that will make the useless quantum mechanics unnecessary and obsolete.

Only multi-probe atomic force microscopes can see 3-dimensional molecules, which is hampered by unreal quantum mechanical shapeless wavefunction.

(Fig.3')  Today's atomic force microscope with only one probe tip cannot see 3-dimensional (= 3D ) molecule, so useless.

Atomic force microscope with one probe is useless.

Atomic force microscope with one probe is useless, unable to see a 3-dimensional (= 3D ) molecule, because one probe alone cannot fix target molecules stably.

Atomic force microscopes manipulating single atoms have had only one useless probe tip for 40 years with No progress.

This current atomic force microscope with only one probe can not see 3-dimensional (= 3D ) molecules ( this or this-lower-challenges,  this or this-p.12-3D molecules ), because the target molecule pushed by one probe is easily moved or rotated unstably, which cannot get clear atomic structures.

Atomic force microscopes stop seeing atoms.

Medical researches use useless atomic force microscopes with dull tips that cannot see atoms.

Due to the useless one-probe atomic force microscopes, today's medical researches use only (useless) atomic force microscopes with dull probe tips that can vaguely see only cells and objects far bigger than single atoms ( this-figure1 ) = cannot see individual atoms. = Our nano-technology is regressing.

Multi-probe atomic force microscopes are necessary.

Only multi-probe atomic force microscope can see 3D molecules by manipulating and fixing target molecules, which is hampered by unreal quantum mechanical atomic model.

Only atomic force microscopes with multiple single-atomic probe tips can see 3-dimensional (= 3D ) atomic structures by one probe fixing the target molecule stably while another probe touching and seeing atoms.

↑ A whole molecule is often rotated around some rotation axis when pushed by a probe tip.

Quantum mechanics cannot express molecular motion.

Quantum mechanical unreal shapeless atomic model cannot describe real molecules with shape moved or rotated by microscopes.

The current unreal quantum mechanics treating all molecules (= including a microscope's probe tip's atoms ) as one-fake-electron (= DFT, quasiparticle ) model lacking atomic shape can Not express target molecules moved or rotated by microscopes' probe tips.

In order to describe molecules rotated by probe tips, we have to define a real shape of a molecule and the rotation axis of the whole rotatable molecule, which is impossible in the unreal quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model.

As shown in the current only molecular motion simulation method = impractical molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics can only give fictitious potential energy (= Not real shape ) to each atom, which unreal shapeless quantum mechanism molecular model cannot even predict how a molecule is moved or rotated when one atom of the molecule is pushed by the microscope's tip.

↑ So today's (useless) atomic force microscope with only one probe tip can only see flat static molecules such as benzenes or only upper parts of stably-fixed molecules ( this-p.4-p.5,  this-p.2 ), which cannot be applied to practical use.

Old quantum mechanics hampers science.

To protect old useless quantum mechanical atomic model, academia intentionally prevents making useful multi-probe atomic force microscopes that will make quantum mechanics unnecessary, obsolete.

To protect this useless old quantum mechanical atomic model, academia has intentionally hampered making useful multi-probe atomic force microscopes (= which have to treat molecules as real rotatable objects with shapes without unreal quantum mechanics ), though we already have that technology (using sensitive quartz sensor, this-p.7-9 ).

We should use actual atomic shapes obtained by experiments (= multi-probe atomic force microscopes ) to develop nano-technology, which is hampered by the unreal quantum mechanical shapeless atomic wavefunctions.

Quantum mechanics has to take too much time to choose fake different wavefunctions for different molecular or microscope tip's positions, adjust these chosen wavefunctions' coefficient free parameters repeatedly in impractical self-consistent field (= SCF ) methods, which quantum shapeless atomic model is useless, meaningless, unable to predict anything.

(Fig.3'')  Quantum mechanics is useless, too time-consuming.

Quantum mechanical atomic model is unreal, useless.

Quantum mechanics has to treat the whole molecules as one-pseudo-electron DFT (= density functional theory ) wavefunction lacking atomic shape hampering science.

Due to the impractical Schrodinger equations, Quantum mechanics has to artificially choose one-pseudo-electron DFT wavefunctions (= ψ ) expressing the whole molecules and probes' atoms (= these shapeless wavefunctions hamper science ), and integrate them to get fake total energy.

↑ This present mainstream quantum mechanical one-fake-electron DFT (= Kohn-Sham theory ) approximation, which must artificially choose fake exchange correlation-potential energy (= functionals ), is empirical or fake ab-initio, which cannot predict any molecular energy ( this-p.2-last,  this-p.18,  this-p.1-introduction ).

Impractical quantum SCF calculations.

Quantum mechanics can only artificially choose one-fake-electron DFT wavefunctions whose coefficient free parameters must be repeatedly updated by extremely time-consuming, impractical self-consistent-field (= SCF ) method that often fails.

Quantum mechanics can only express the whole multiple molecules and materials as one-fake-electron DFT wavefunctions consisting of multiple coefficient free parameters (= c ) and artificially-chosen basis set functions (= different DFT wavefunctions must be chosen in different atomic positions ), which cannot predict anything.

And they differentiate the energy equation (= integral of chosen one-fake-electron wavefunctions with DFT energy equation including chosen fake exchange energy functional ) with respect to coefficient parameters (= c ) of the chosen wavefunction or basis sets ( this-p.5 ) to find coefficients that give the lowest (fake) atomic energy within the chosen wavafunction in variational method ( this-p.5-5 ).

See this-(1)~(24),  this-p.59(or p.49),p.93,  this-p.32-2.48,  

They have to repeat this extremely time-consuming meaningless quantum mechanical methods of integrating and differentiating the DFT energy equations until the coefficient parameters luckily converge to some values, which old inefficient method is called self-consistent-field (= SCF, this-p.9,  this-p.2-p.8,  this-p.6-p.18,  this-p.3 ) iteration hampering science.

Quantum mechanics often fails to get converged energies, so useless.

Quantum mechanics cannot even get converged values of free parameters of artificially-chosen fake atomic wavefunctions in its impractical, time-consuming self-consistent-field theory (= SCF ) methods.

The present extremely-time-consuming impractical quantum mechanical SCF (= self-consistent-field ) iterative calculations repeatedly updating the chosen (fake) wavefunctions' coefficient free parameters often fail to get the converged parameters of the chosen fake wavefunctions (= so No atomic energy E is obtained by this impractical quantum mechanics,   this-middle ).

This-lower SCF convergence says  -- Impractical quantum mechanics
"Conventional electronic-structure-theory-based methods like DFT rely on a self-consistent-field (SCF) process, where an initial guess for the electron density is generated and then iteratively refined through repeated computation of electron–electron repulsion. This process frequently exhibits chaotic behavior, and SCF convergence can become extremely time-consuming or even impossible."

Quantum mechanics is useless, cannot predict anything.

Quantum mechanics just chooses fake different wavefunctions for different atomic positions, which is useless, too time-consuming, cannot predict any molecular behavior.

For the unphysical quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model to explain the interaction between the molecule and atomic force microscope's probe tip, they have to repeat this extremely time-consuming SCF energy calculations by choosing different fake wavefunctions (= and repeatedly updating their coefficients parameters until they converge ) in many different positions (= A, B, C, D ) of the atoms of the molecule and the tip.

↑ Comparing energies of artificially-chosen one-fake-electron DFT wavefunctions in different atomic positions and finding the lowest-energy atomic-position state is called geometry optimization which is impractical, too time-consuming, unable to predict real molecular energy.

Quantum geometry optimization is useless.

Quantum mechanics has to choose different one-fake-electron wavefunctions in different atomic positions to calculate, compare their fake energies and find the lowest-energy atomic position state in geometry optimization which is too time-consuming, impractical, unable to predict anything.

↑ This impractically time-consuming repeated SCF energy calculations by choosing many different one-fake-electron-DFT wavefunctions (+ repeatedly updating parameters ) in many different atomic or tip's positions to compare (fake) energies E in different atomic positions and find the lowest-energy atomic position state is called geometry optimization ( this-last-calculation method ) or relaxation ( this-p.27-53,  this-p.3,  this-p.18,  this-p.6-2nd-paragraph ).

This-p.1-1 intoduction~p.2 says  -- Impractical geometry optimization
"Geometry optimization is a process to find the atomic coordinates that minimize the energy of a target molecule. It is an important basis task in quantum chemical calculations because the optimized geometries are used to analyze the molecular characteristics and structures. In geometry optimization, a stationary point on a potential energy surface (PES) is explored by iteratively calculating the energy and gradients of a molecule while changing its atomic coordinates step by step"

↑ This quantum mechanical time-consuming geometry optimization is said to be able to find the most stable atomic positions with the lowest energy E (= after comparing energies E in different atomic positions ), but actually their artificially-choosing one-fake-electron DFT wavefunctions and exchange pseudo-potential energy can Not predict any atomic positions.

Quantum mechanics cannot predict molecular structures.

DFT geometry optimization repeatedly calculating (fake) energies by SCF choosing various one-fake-electron-DFT wavefunctions in different atomic positions is useless.

This-3rd-paragraph says
"the geometry optimizer proceeds to update the atomic positions and rerun ( time-consuming ) SCF (= which often fail, this-p.22,  this-p.31-2nd-paragraph )."

It is far better to use experimental values (= each molecular shape and properties ) from the beginning than to waste too much time in these meaningless time-consuming quantum mechanical calculations.

Geometry optimization cannot predict molecular energy.

In the impractical quantum mechanical geometry optimization, calculated molecular energies depend on artificially-chosen one-fake-electron DFT wavefunctions, which cannot predict any molecular energy.

This site on geometry optimization ↓

1st-paragraph says  -- Incorrect energy
"geometry optimization, molecular optimization or relaxation, is the process by which the geometry of a molecule is adjusted to find a structure with the lowest possible energy. This optimized structure typically corresponds to a stable configuration, either a local minimum (= Not the global energy minimum state, so No correct solution is obtained )"

Point to remember says  -- Useless geometry optimization
"Geometry optimization seeks the nearest local energy minimum or transition state. This means that the resulting structure is dependent on the starting geometry. Different initial geometries may lead to different optimized structures.
The chosen quantum mechanical method and basis set play significant roles in the accuracy and reliability of the optimized geometry.
While the goal is to find the global minimum (the absolute lowest energy structure), in practice, geometrical optimization often finds local minima"

↑ So the quantum mechanical geometry optimization often gets wrong energy solutions = local-energy minima, which depends on artificially-chosen wavefunctions, which cannot predict any real molecular energy or atomic positions.

This-p.19-last says  -- No solution
"None of these (= quantum geometry optimization ) are guaranteed to find the global minimum (= the lowest-energy atomic position state or solution cannot be obtained ) !"

Quantum mechanical SCF is too time-consuming.

Quantum mechanics just choosing fake wavefunctions with many free parameters that must be optimized self-consistently (= SCF ) is too time-consuming, impractical, unable to predict anything.

This-p.4-right-2nd-paragraph says  -- Too many impractical SCF
"the calculation of forces on one iteration of the geometry optimization requires 6N +1 separate SCF runs where N is the number of atoms"  ← Just calculating force on each atom requires 6 × time-consuming repeated SCF energy calculations of artificially-chosen wavefunctions, impractical.

↑ One SCF calculation takes about 2300 seconds (= this-last-paragraph,  = 40 minutes ).

This-p.6-4th-paragraph says  -- Too time-consuming
"Calculations for determining only one torsional angle by comparing energies of different angles or different atomic positions (= each 10^o step ) by DFT SCF and geometry optimization took 34679.9 seconds (= 9.3 hours )"

This-p.3-upper says  -- Impractical DFT
"in the determination of the tip–sample forces,... This can be done with standard DFT codes but it's time consuming"

Quantum shapeless wavefunction is impractical.

Quantum mechanical unreal shapeless wavefunctions is useless, too time-consuming to choose and integrate to get fake energy.

(Fig.T)  practical atomic model with shape  vs. useless too-time consuming quantum mechanical shapeless wavefunction.

Quantum mechanics, AI cannot predict molecular structures.

Neither quantum mechanics nor AI predict exact molecular or protein atomic structures due to lack of experimental data that can be obtained only by multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

The current impractical quantum mechanics just choosing fake wavefunctions and pseudo-potentials cannot predict any atomic energy or structures.

Actually the present overhyped AI, Alphafold, which must rely on experimentally-obtained training datasets, cannot predict unknown proteins' structures nor motion due to lack of experimental data ( this or this-lower-Limitations and challenges,  this-lower-limitation ).

Only multi-probe atomic force microscopes can obtain the exact molecular or protein atomic structures, which are hampered by the unreal quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model.

Quantum mechanics cannot know molecular motion.

Quantum mechanics unable to give real shape to each molecule can only give artificial potential energy, which takes too much time to simulate molecular motion in today's mainstream impractical molecular dynamics (= MD ).

We can easily predict how a molecule or a thing with known shape is moved or rotated when pushed by a probe, which is impossible in the current unreal quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model.

Quantum mechanics can only give artificially-created potential energy called force fields to its shapeless atoms, which takes too much time to simulate actual molecular or protein motion in today's only molecular-motion simulating method = impractical molecular dynamics (= MD,   this-3rd~5th-paragraphs ).

↑ This current impractical MD takes more than days to simulate just 1-microsecond molecular motion, which cannot simulate or explain actual molecular motion of seconds ~ hours observed by atomic force microscopes (= AFM, this-p.2-Figure 1a ).

We have to estimate how we push each molecule (= with known shape ) to get its desired motion for practical application of molecules, which is impossible in today's unreal quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model where we have to blindly try infinite different patterns of pushing the shapeless molecule to get some desired molecular motion, which takes infinite time in repeating the impractical MD molecular-motion simulations.

Quantum mechanics is useless, too time-consuming.

Quantum mechanical calculation for finding the stable energy state of a small molecule (= by geometry optimization and repeated SCF ) observed by an atomic force microscope took a week, which is too impractical.

For example, the geometry optimization took extremely much time = a week for this impractical quantum mechanical SCF to calculate and compare various energies in different atomic positions (= after choosing different one-fake-electron DFT wavefunctions ) and find the most stable energy state of some small molecule observed by the atomic force microscope (= AFM ) with only one tip. ↓

Quantum mechanics is impractical.

Quantum mechanics just choosing fake wavefunctions and artificially adjusting their free parameters (= cannot predict energies ) to find the lowest-energy atomic position state even in small molecules takes more than weeks.  = impractical

This-p.4-5th-paragraph & p.5-2nd-paragraph-last say
"The interaction energies of the tip and the sample molecule (without substrate) were calculated for various lateral positions with a lateral spacing of 0.1 Å and for tip heights ranging from d = 3.95 Å to d = 3.35 Å with a vertical spacing of 0.025 Å. To obtain the frequency shifts (= Δf, p.3-top ), the interaction energies were numerically differentiated twice with respect to d"

"The calculation of the Δf(x) line profiles (= frequency f shift obtained by differentiating the artificial molecular energies calculated by DFT in various different tip positions ) took about a week computation time on a large computer facility.  ← too time-consuming, impractical ( this-p.3-1st-paragraph )."

This-p.2-right-1st-paragraph says  -- Calculations tool a year !
"to explore the topology of the PES (= potential energy surface ) of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
With DFT methods, this analysis would require more than a year of computation time"  ← too time-consuming, useless for any applied science, medicine.

Real atomic model with shape is necessary.

It is far better to use real atomic model with shale and properties obtained by experiments (= such as multi-probe atomic force microscopes) than to waste too much time in meaningless quantum mechanical shapeless atomic energy calculations that cannot predict anything.

Today's only method of simulating motions of the (unreal) quantum mechanical shapeless atoms is the impractically-time-consuming molecular dynamics ( this-p.5-102-sentence says just 50ps molecular motion was simulated, which is impractical ).

We should replace this impractical time-consuming quantum mechanical wavefunction by the much simpler atomic model with experimentally-measured shape for the practical multi-probe atomic force microscopes to clarify complicated proteins at the atomic level and cure diseases.

(Fig.4)  The use of many-probe, multi-probe atomic force microscopes can efficiently, speedily generate artificial chemical reactions and desired molecular bonds.

Fast, practical generation of artificial molecular bonds is possible in multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

Unlike the useless one probe, atomic force microscopes with multiple probes can observe, analyze, manipulate any forms of molecules and proteins (= in case of a large protein, breaking the protein little by little using artificial molecular bond dissociation through applying voltage enables us to know the precise outer and inner protein structure by the multi-probe atomic force microscope,  this or this-p.21 ).

Of course, the practical multi-probe atomic force microscope can design and build useful molecular devices (= used for artificial efficient photosynthesis based on artificial catalysts and curing cancers ) by manipulating single atoms, using realistic atomic model with shape (= instead of the unphysical impractical quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model ).

Efficient speedy chemical reactions forming artificial covalent bonds between the designated atoms of molecules, which are impossible otherwise, are possible using multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

Many probe tips can find and observe designated molecules very fast.

In the process of the speedy artificial chemical (= molecular bond ) reactions, first we deposit distilled pure molecules over a substrate (= by vacuum deposition or something ).

If we put some different marks or narrow lines (< 10nm ) with slightly different heights (or different lengths, widths ) or consisting of different atoms on different positions of the substrate, we can know the positions of each probe (and deposited molecules ) immediately when tips touch the substrate surface.

Next, we can know the positions of target molecules deposited over the substrate by using non-contact (= high-resolution quartz sensor ) atomic force microscope with many probe tips (= each probe can move in z direction independently to detect target molecules with different heights automatically at very high speed. All these many probes are moved together in x,y directions ).

↑ A probe tip can be moved (= displaced ) up to the distance of 0.1% of the piezo electric material (= actuator ), so moving atoms 1μm needs 1mm piezo electric material ( this p.3-left,  this 4~6th-paragraphs ).

↑ Moving each probe of many probes in x-y directions independently needs much space of the piezo material (= 1mm × 1mm ) in each probe, while moving each probe only in z direction independently does not need so much space (= just tiny 1μm × 1μm space in x,y directions is OK ), which can increase the dense of probes (= many compact probe tips ) and speed up the atomic force microscope finding all target molecules deposited over the substrate.

After knowing the positions of target molecules on the substrate by many probes, we can move those molecules by an atomic force microscope with multiple probes (= manipulating single molecules freely in x,y,z directions ) from the substrate to some designated places where many artificial covalent bonds can be formed simultaneously by applying voltages between two molecules placed on designated positions.

As a result, the fast, practical mass production of artificial molecules with desired covalent bonds (= which are impossible in other ways ) is possible in the atomic force microscope with multiple probe tips manipulating single molecules.

(Fig.5)  Speedy efficient chemical bond formation by nano-plates built by multi-probe atomic force microscopes

Artificial speedy chemical bonds are possible by multi-probe atomic force microscopes.

As shown in the upper figure, if we build nano-plates designed to stick to some molecules by multi-probe atomic force microscopes, we can easily and efficiently cause artificial chemical reactions or bonds between some specific molecules by controlling two nano-plates designed to stick some molecules on designated positions and flowing electricity.

↑ These artificial nano-plates or enzymes built by multi-probe atomic force microscopes can be repeatedly used, and kept clean for a long time by using cathodic protection.

Practical multi-probe atomic force microscopes can cure cancers, HIV, and auto-immune diseases.

By using practical multi-probe atomic force microscopes, we can clarify detailed atomic mechanisms of proteins in various diseases, and design some effective drugs or molecules sticking only to some cancer cells, HIV-infected cells, and auto-immune-antibody-producing cells, and remove them (= after these artificial molecules stick to target sick cells, only these sick cells are prevented from dividing, and eventually die, which can cure the current incurable diseases ).

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