(Fig.1) Overhyped quantum computers are still Not computers, much less discovering drugs.
Today's quantum computers with only tiny numbers of error-prone qubits ( this 4th-paragraph ) are completely useless for drug discovery or molecular simulation, contrary to hypes.
This current challenges and limitations (in 2024) say
" quantum computing in drug discovery is still in its nascent stages and faces several challenges...
Current quantum computers have limited qubits, and these qubits are prone to errors"
This-middle-the challenges of quantum computing (in 2024) says
"quantum computing is still in its infancy, and there are significant challenges to overcome. The hardware must evolve, and the processing power of quantum computers must be scaled up to a usable level..., it is susceptible to noise"
Today's impractical quantum computers are why physicists came to rely on ordinary practical classical computers as (deceptive) hybrid quantum-classical computers or quantum simulators, both of which are classical (= Not quantum ) computers, to simulate molecules or proteins.
This 9~11th-paragraphs (in 2023) say
"Quantum computing is still very early, and quantum computers have yet to demonstrate a practical advantage over supercomputers. We don't use it in production,"
"variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE), which is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm. It can run in parts on a classical computer.. "
"No one cares about an algorithm for ( today's useless quantum computers' ) only ten qubits ( this 6th-paragraph )." ← Today's quantum computers have too small numbers of qubits (= about only 10 qubits ) to be practical in hybrid computers.
(Fig.2) Hybrid quantum-classical computer or quantum simulator is just a classical computer. Today's useless quantum computers can do nothing.
The present quantum computers with only tiny numbers of error-prone qubits are still Not computers nor able to perform useful calculations, much less developing drugs.
So they came to rely on ordinary practical classical computers (= you use in daily life ) with billions of bits or transistors as (deceptive) hybrid quantum-classical computers that are just classical computers. No quantum computer advantage
The 1st, 6th, 15th-paragraphs of this overhyped news about hybrid computer says
"A team of Chinese researchers report that quantum computers may one day (= just speculation, still useless ) serve as the backbone of a drug pipeline that could potentially revolutionizing drug design" ← never happen
"the team developed a hybrid quantum computing (= hybrid computer is just an ordinary a classical computer )"
"using quantum computers for current drug discovery faces significant limitations. For example, quantum computing is still plagued by longer computational times and errors, which impede its accuracy and efficiency in drug discovery." ← quantum computers were useless after all.
↑ This research paper's p.4-Figure.3 and p.6-1st-paragraph mentioned this research used only 2 (impractical) qubits (= one qubit can take only 0 or 1 states, so these just 2 qubits or 2 bitstring 00 is still Not a quantum computer nor able to calculate anything ).
↑ These tiny numbers of qubits (= just 2 qubits used in this hybrid computer ) are still Not a quantum computer nor able to calculate anything about drugs or molecules.
This other hybrid computer's research's p.1-abstract used only 4 qubits.
This-other research news' the Anderson model says five-qubit, which small numbers of qubits (= only 2 ~ 5 qubits ) can be easily replaced by a classical computer with billions of bits, so No quantum advantage.
(Fig.2') Useless error-prone quantum computers are replaced by the precise error-free classical computers as quantum sinulators also in hybrid computers.
The 3rd, 6th paragraphs of this hyped news on alleged quantum computing for simulating molecules say
"with just 32 logic qubits.. The Hyperion-1 emulator uses Genci (classical) supercomputers,.. one of Scaleway's many GPU (= classical computer ) clusters."
"Next steps (= still unrealized ) include deploying these algorithms on existing noisy machines (= today's quantum computers ) to quantify the impact of noise"
↑ So this research just used only ordinary classical computers, and today's noisy (= error-prone, useless ) quantum computers were Not used for simulating molecules.
This hyped news-lower-the need for opus says
"First, the experiments were conducted on classical hardware using simulated quantum computing environments"
↑ Only an ordinary classical computer (= Not an useless quantum computer ) was used in this research about the alleged breast cancer diagnosis after all ( this p.11-last-paragraph says conventional (= classical ) computer was uded ).
The 5th paragraph of this hyped news on the alleged quantum algorithm for identifying healthy livers says
"the analysis used only 5 qubits (= just 5 bitstring, still Not a quantum computer, which small number of qubits can be easily replaced by an ordinary classical computer with billions of bits, so No quantum advantage )"
↑ This research paper's p.6-right-3rd~4th-paragraph says
". We used the Pennylane 0.29.0 software development kit" ← this Pennylane is just classical computer's simulator ( this-6th-paragraph ), so No quantum computers were used in this research after all.
"our model using a minimalistic setup of just 5 qubits (= simulated by an ordinary classical computer, today's quantum computers are useless even for expressing just 5 qubits )"
(Fig.3) Today's error-prone quantum computers (= still Not computers ) are useless.
The 5th-paragraph of this hyped news says
"However, qubit-based VQE (= hybrid computer that is just a classical computer ) is currently only implemented up to 2 qubits in photonic systems and 12 qubits (= too small numbers of qubits to be practical ) in superconducting systems, and is challenged by error issues"
↑ This research paper's p.1-abstract-lower says
"VQE can efficiently estimate the ground state energy of hydrogen
(H2) and lithium hydride (LiH) molecular systems corresponding to two- and four-qubit (= just 2 or 4 bitstring, Not a quantum computer ) systems, respectively. We
believe (= just speculation, still useless ) that our scheme opens a pathway"
↑ So all these alleged hybrid computer's method called VQE for estimating molecular energies relies only on a practical classical computer with billions of bits instead of the useless quantum computer with only 2 ~ 4 bits or qubits that cannot calculate anything including molecules.
The last paragraph of this hyped news about VQE (= hybrid computer that is just an ordinary classical computer ) for allegedly simulating some molecular interaction says
"we are still far from realizing the full potential of quantum computing for large-scale molecular simulations. One of the biggest challenges is scaling quantum simulations to larger systems,.." ← still useless.
↑ This research paper ↓
p.5-right-Results say
"We implemented qiskit VQE algorithm on 6, 8, 10, 14
and 16 qubit (= too small numbers of qubits ) hemocyanin AIM model Hamiltonians on
IBM quantum simulator with and without noise (= quantum simulators are classical computers ) and
on IBM and Quantinuum quantum hardware (= today's error-prone quantum computers )"
p.6-Fig.6 shows Hardware (= today's error-prone quantum computers ) gave wrong erroneous values different from exact values given by the precise (classical computer's) simulator.
↑ As a result, today's error-prone quantum computers (= with only less than 16 qubits ) often giving wrong answers also in hybrid computers are useless for calculating molecular energies.
An ordinary classical computer called quantum simulator is errorless (= noise-free ), far superior to today's error-prone impractical quantum computers
This p.15-left-1st~2nd-paragraphs say
"Calculations performed with the
qEOM-VQE and VQD algorithms on statevector
and qasm simulators (= classical computers ) accurately reproduced the
results"
"Results from qEOM-VQE and VQD calculations on IBM Quantum devices show that noise (= errors ) significantly limits the accuracy of predicted values" ← Today's error-prone (= noisy ) IBM quantum computers failed to give accurate values.
This p.6-right-1st-paragraph says
"We employed four different settings, namely, exact (a
numerical diagonalization of the Huckel matrix with
a classical computer), ideal (VQD simulation with an
ideal quantum circuit simulator = classical computers ), noisy (VQD simulation with a noisy quantum circuit simulator), and realistic (VQD simulation with a noisy quantum circuit
simulator embedded with external noise from IBM Cairo
device = error-prone quantum computer )."
p.7-Table II shows Realistic (= today's error-prone quantum computer ) gave wrong values different from exact or ideal (= exact classical computer simulation ).
This p.9-right Ideal device simulator says
"An ideal simulator (or ideal device) is an idealized
quantum computer that is not affected by any noise
channel such as decoherence, gate errors, or readout
errors and which is numerically simulated on a classical machine"
↑ As a result, today's error-prone (= noisy ) quantum computers are far inferior to ordinary errorless (= noise-free ) classical computers called ideal quantum simulators.
The 7th paragraph of this hyped news says
"The 16-qubit (= just 16 bitstrig, too small numbers of qubits to be practical) quantum microprocessor chip is fabricated and integrated into a single chip"
↑ This research paper's p.4-left-last-paragraph says
"A fidelity F of 92.9% (= each bit error rate was 7%, which is too bad ) is achieved in
this case, which is limited by the inevitable flaws in circuit fabrication
and operation, photon noise, and photon loss... Because of the photon loss,
only a maximum of four-photon coincidence is achievable"
↑ So this experiment used only 4 photons or 4 qubits, which was useless, due to massive photon loss (= a classical computer had to control all the photon devices such as beam splitters to give some values, and a quantum computer with only 4 qubits or 4 bitstring could Not calculate anything in this research ).
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