(Fig.1) Immunofluorescence, Western blotting in the current biotechnology just show some "stain" as a vague sign of attaching antibodies to proteins, which is useless without clarifying nor manipulating actual atomic interactions between proteins.
↑ Today's mainstream basic physics or quantum mechanics made No contribution to Biology, medical research or drug development ( this abstract-first, this 4,Biologists' view, this p.30-conclusion, this p.9-second-paragraphs~, this p.6-fifth-paragraph, this two arguments against quantum brain )
Actually, today's medical or biological reseaches do Not use any (useless) quantum mechanical methods (= Schrodinger equation, DFT, MD ), as shown in this-p.2-Materials and Methods, this p.8~p.9 that just rely on the old-fashioned macroscopic biological experimental techniques.
As a result, many clinical trials (= without understanding detailed atomic mechanism of diseases due to useless quantum mechanics ) failed, just wasting too much time and money.
Many deadly diseases such as cancers and Alzheimer are still incurable (forever, as long as we rely on impractical quantum mechanics ).
Useless quantum mechanics and impossibility of utilizing real atomic interaction made biologists rely on natural organisms' enzymes and antibodies obtained from immunizing natural animals as the only tool to vaguely investigate proteins' interactions without looking into detailed atomic interaction. ← Antibodies cannot be made directly by humans nor (useless) quantum mechanics.
Immunizing (natural) animals by some target proteins or antigens → collecting antibodies produced by natural animals' immune system (or getting animals' spleens or humans' B cells that may ambiguously include DNA encoding antibodies against injected proteins in monoclonal antibody production ) → Using those antibodies to see if they vaguely attach to some proteins without knowing detailed atomic interaction.
↑ These typical biological tools to just see if the natural-animal-based antibodies ( this p.10 ) may vaguely attach to target proteins are called immunofluorescence ( this = this p.13 ) and Western blotting (= WB = just seeing blurred stains with No more detailed information, this p.3, Fig.2, this = this Fig.1A ).
Other biological methods similarly using natural-animal-based antibodies attached to target proteins are immunoassay, immunoblotting ( this = this p.12 ), ELISA ( this p.3 ), flow cytometry = FACS ( this = this p.19, this p.14 ), immunoprecipitation ( this p.10, this = this p.21 ), immunohistochemistry ( this = this p.6 )..
↑ All of these biological methods just see "(immunofluorescence) ambiguous stain" or (Western) blotting which allegedly indicate (natural) antibodies attached to some target proteins. ← These biotechnological methods do Not clarify detailed atomic interaction between antibodies and proteins nor manipulate target proteins for curing diseases.
Because in these immunofluorescence and Western blotting, biologists are unable to know how exactly or what atoms each antibody sticks to. ← How antibodies and target proteins change their conformations after binding (= this knowledge is necessary for developing useful drugs ) is unknown in the current biology.
Even whether antibodies really stick to target proteins is unclear, as shown in unpredictable vaccine's effectiveness, side effects (= vaccine side effect is caused by antibodies binding to unexpected, wrong proteins ) and frequently-failed immunotherapy.
Furthermore, the current immuno-blotting or Western blotting has to separate the original mixed proteins by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis which denatures and destroys the original proteins' structures and properties, hence, even if antibodies stick to such denatured proteins, it is unrelated to clarifying the actual natural proteins' affinities or properties.
↑ Without using these denaturing agents in the methods called native PAGE, many different native proteins remain sticking to each other, so distinguishing and identifying proteins by different masses become more difficult with lower resolution ( this p.2, this-intro-2nd-paragraph, this p.2-2nd-paragraph, this-6th-paragragh ), which means the current biotechnology cannot investigate or know the original proteins' activities correctly.
(Fig.2) Biological tools do Not rely on (useless) quantum mechanics nor consider microscopic atomic interaction.
All the current methods and tools used in biotechnology and medicine are obtained from natural organisms irrelevant to (useless) quantum mechanical atomic theory (= No Schrodinger equation, No DFT was used in biology ), and unable to utilize detailed atomic interactions (based on practical atomic theory).
↑ This fact of today's biological or medical researches unable to look into atomic interaction makes it impossible to develop effective drugs or treatment against deadly diseases.
(Fig.P) PCR uses DNA polymerase enzymes oiginating from natural bacteria, Not from (useless) quantum mechanics.
PCR or polymerase chain reaction is one of most popular biological methods for increasing and amplifying target DNA genes after preparing short DNA primer genes (= attach to both edges of target-protein genes ) by using enzymes called polymerase originating from natural bacteria (or natural polymerase whose gene is slightly modified using other natural enzymes ).
↑ No quantum mechanical methods are involved in discovering or developing PCR enzymes.
RT-PCR or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is the method of detecting RNA genes such as COVID-19 viruses by changing the target RNA into complementary DNA (= cDNA ) and amplifying those cDNA using ordinary PCR.
The enzymes called reverse transcriptase used in this RT-PCR were derived from natural retroviruses (or their slightly-gene-modified enzymes), Not from being designed or created by (useless) quantum mechanical calculation.
Real-time PCR is the method of quantifying the target DNA genes by using ordinary PCR and fluorescent molecules. ← All of these biological techniques are developed based on actual experience and experimental observations, and No quantum mechanical prediction is involved.
(Fig.P) DNA sequencing also uses DNA polymerase from bacteria.
Sequencing is a technique used for reading and determining the order of nucleotides (= adenine-A, guanine-G, cytosine-C, thymine-T ) in the target DNA or RNA.
DNA sequencing uses the ordinary DNA polymerase and "stop-nucleotides labeled with different-color fluorescent molecules (= A, G, C, T nucleotides are labeled in different colors ), measures the random lengths of randomly-amplified DNA fragments by electrophoresis, identifies what nucleotide is at the edge of each DNA fragment by measuring colors, which eventually could determine the whole target DNA's sequence or order of nucleotides.
No quantum mechanical calculation is involved in this technique.
RNA-sequencing is also for determining RNA nucleotides by changing the target RNA into cDNA by reverse transcriptase and using the method similar to DNA sequencing.
The examples of researches using this sequencing are this = this p.11
DNA microarray is a technique to see if target DNA can bind to some complementary nucleic acid sequences based on experimentally-known complementarity nucleotide pairs ( A-T, G-C ), not on quantum mechanics.
Small interfering RNA (= siRNA ) or microRNA is a short nucleotide RNA molecule used in silencing or suppressing the expression of the target genes by binding to target nucleotides through the well-known RNA complementarity, Not by quantum mechanical calculation.
This siRNA, microRNA or gene silencing utilizes the mechanisms inherent in natural organisms, whose silencing mechanism was Not created or designed by human technology from scratch or useless quantum mechanical calculations.
Short-hairpin RNA or shRNA is also one of these siRNAs that utilizes natural organisms' gene silencing mechanism and enzymes.
To roughly know the amount of DNAs and RNAs, the absorbance of lights with some specific wavelengths are used.
Rough determination and quantification of total protein's concentration also uses the similar measurement of light absorption called Bicinchoninic acid assay.
↑ All these methods are unable to determine precise structure or identify the target protein, and these techniques are based on empirical observations, Not on (useless) quantum mechanical calculations.
(Fig.S) SDS-PAGE just roughly separates proteins by size, No atomic interaction nor (useless) quantum mechanics is considered.
SDS-PAGE is an electrophoresis method that separates proteins by masses = bigger proteins move slower than smaller proteins, which is common sense by classical mechanics.
This SDS-PAGE or electrophoresis cannot know the protein's detailed structure or interaction. ← inapplicable to developing drugs
(Fig.L) Liquid chromatography separating mixed proteins based on affinity to some molecules (= such as antibodies and water ) is irrelevant to quantum mechanics.
Protein chromatography separates proteins by their different sizes, different affinities with different ligands or antibodies or light scattering based on experimental observations and general knowledge.
Each molecule and protein always sticks to other molecules and proteins, so complete separation or avoiding contamination is impossible.
No quantum mechanical calculations are involved.
(Fig.M) Mass spectrometry (= MS ) separating proteins based on masses is irrelevant to quantum mechanics.
Mass spectrometry (= MS ) is the method of determining proteins' masses by ionizing target proteins and fly them under electric field where heavier proteins move slower (or harder to accelerate ) than lighter proteins. which is obvious in classical mechanics. Quantum mechanics is unnecessary.
This MS just estimating masses cannot know the detailed protein interactions (ex. this = this p.15-right, this = this p.7-9 ).
LC-MS/MS mixing the above liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is often used to separate and vaguely identify molecules and peptides of mixed proteins.
Proteosome assay roughly measures the activity of natural proteasome enzymes by using substrate and fluorescence ( this p.3 ), based on empirical observation, Not on (useless) quantum mechanical calculations.
EMSA (= electrophoretic mobility shift assay ) is used to see if DNA roughly binds to proteins (= estimating DNA-protein interaction ) by using electrophoresis where proteins bound to DNA become heavier and move slower, which is common sense.
This method cannot know the detailed interaction mechanism between DNA and proteins.
Electron microscope, Cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography, and atomic force microscopy can determine the protein's structure even in the atomic-level resolution.
But the current unrealistic quantum mechanical atomic model, its useless density functional theory (= DFT ) and (pseudo-classical) molecular dynamics prevent scientists from using real atomic picture for understanding real protein interactions even after using these high-resolution microscopy.
↑ Useful drug development is impossible forever, as long as we rely on the unrealistic quantum mechanical atomic model.
ATP assay is a method of roughly estimating the amount of natural molecules called adenosine triphosphate (= ATP ) by using luciferase enzymes originating from natural organisms and measuring emitted light.
(Fig.S) CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing was obtained from natural bacterial immune system, Not from (useless) quantum mechanics.
CRISPR-Cas9 system used in gene editing was obtained from natural bacterial immune systems, Not from being artificially designed or created by humans or useless quantum mechanical calculations.
Synthesis of mRNA (= messenger RNA ) by DNA → RNA transcription in vitro uses enzymes called RNA polymerase originating from natural organisms such as bacteriophages (e. T7 bacteriophage or T7 phage ) that are natural viruses infecting bacteria or Escherichia coli ( this introduction ) combined with natural nucleotides such as ATP, CTP, GTP.. ( this p.5, this = this p.9-right ).
These enzymes were Not designed or created by humans nor by (useless) quantum mechanical calculation.
(Fig.M) Today's medical research cannot utilize atomic interaction due to useless quantum mechanical atomic theory, so clarifying real atomic mechanisms of intractable diseases is impossible.
The 2nd and last paragraphs of this hyped news say
"Researchers.. have developed the first methods to identify and characterize all the various irregular forms of amyloid beta"
"Together, these results are really encouraging for our quest to better understand Alzheimer's disease" ← just "encouraging", still Alzheimer is incurable.
↑ This research paper ↓
p.1-abstract-last says "Herein, we used immunoprecipitation to examine the binding afinity of four antibodies against 18 epimeric and/or isomeric Aβ peptides (= amyloid beta seen in Alzheimer ).. Tandem mass spectrometry was used as a detection method"
p.6-7 Methods did Not use any (useless) quantum mechanical methods such as Schrodinger equations and density functional theory (= DFT ).
The 2nd-last and last paragraphs of this hyped news say
"The results of this work also show that ERK5 inhibitors would (= just speculation ) potentiate the anticancer activity of NK cells."
"In the future (= still unrealized now ), the researchers hope to find new collaborations to conduct clinical trials, with the aim of testing ERK5 inhibitors in cancer patients."
↑ This research paper ↓
p.11-right-DNA constructs used plasmid DNA vectors based on natural viruses.
p.13-left used bacterial CRISPR, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation based on antibodies obtained by immunizing natural animals. ← All these biological tools originated from natural organisms Not from (impractical) quantum mechanical technology such as Schrodinger equation and one-pseudo-electron DFT model.
p.13-right-1st, 3rd, 5-6th paragraphs also used flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting based on natural animals' antibodies.
p.15 used SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, liquid-chromatography, mass-spectrometry, RNA-sequencing, immunophenotyping (= with antibodies ), .. all of which are macroscopic biological experiments without looking into detailed atomic interaction nor (useless) quantum mechanical calculation.
The 1st, 10th paragraphs of this hyped news say
"the current treatments fall far short of being effective at regaining memory." ← Alzheimer diseases is still incurable despite longtime researches.
"KIBRA (= protein ) restored synaptic function and memory in mice, despite not fixing the problem of toxic tau protein accumulation (= cannot fix Alzheimer ).. Our work supports the possibility (= just speculation, still useless ) that KIBRA could be used as a therapy to improve memory"
↑ This research paper ↓
p.16-left used immunolabeling, Western blotting by antibodies (= obtained from immunizing natural animals ), GFP (= green fluorescent protein obtained from jellyfish ).
p.16-right used immunoblot, immunostaining based on antibodies.
p.17-left-1st,2nd-paragraphs also used Western blot based on antibodies.
↑ No quantum mechanical methods such as Schrodinger equation or DFT were used.
And No detailed atomic interaction was considered (= atomic mechanism remains unclear ) even in this recent Alzheimer research, which is why this disease is still incurable.
(Fig.M) Today's overhyped biological research just relies on old-fashioned macroscopic experiments based on natural-organism-based viral DNA vectors, cells, bacterial proteins without considering atomic interaction, which cannot develop effective drugs..
The 4th, 9th, last paragraphs of this hyped news say
" the proteins MinD and MinE—known collectively as MinDE—interact with each other along the cell membrane to produce wave-like patterns, which aid in the movement of molecules within the cell."
"By engineering interactions between the MinDE proteins and proteins of interest, the researchers created highly specified patterns to organize molecules within mammalian cell"
"The Coyle Lab plans (= still unrealized, No practical application ) to continue exploring the tool's applications"
↑ This research paper ↓
p.2-Main text-4th-paragraph says
"We used lentivirus to express mCherry-MinD and MinE-GFP in multiple different mammalian cell lines and
imaged their spatiotemporal distribution by timelapse fluorescence microscopy"
↑ This research just joined bacterial oscillating proteins MinD and MinE genes to jellyfish's fluorescent GFP gene and sea anemone's fluorescent mCherry gene inside lentiviral plasmid vector which infected mammalian cells to express these proteins (= called transduction ).
The expression of these bacterial MinDE proteins joined to fluorescent proteins in mammalian cells was observed by microscopes. That's all. No atomic interaction was considered nor clarified.
↑ All these biological tools for gene editing in lentiviral DNA vectors originated from natural organisms, Not from humans' design.
No quantum mechanical methods (= Schrodinger equation, DFT.. ) were used in this biological research.
Feel free to link to this site.
