(Fig.1) The present molecular machines are just overhyped useless science.
The present so-called "molecular machines" or "molecular motors" are just overhyped impractical things intended only for publishing papers in academic journals.
↑ Because really-useful molecular machines manipulating individual atoms should have been able to cure cancers and Alzheimer diseases, but the present science still cannot cure these serious diseases, so their molecular machines are Not really artificially-controllable molecular machines.
This 4th-paragraph says
"Today, though, the work is so fundamental that no one really knows what to do with the machines or how they’ll be useful. A Stone Age man makes a wheel.. He's still a long way from the motor car—he can't even envision a motorcar." ← today's hyped molecular machines (= motor car ) are useless.
The 12th, 15th paragraphs of this news says
"Another huge challenge,.. is error correction. Machines at the nanoscale are distinctly unlike human-scale robots in that they are always subject to stochasticity; you can set up a molecular machine to do a particular job but you can never ensure it will work correctly all the time" ← Today's molecular machines cannot even control molecules.
"He admits there's nothing he can yet do with a molecular machine that can't be done more simply by other means." ← Today's molecule machines are unnecessary, useless.
(Fig.2) Today's hyped useless molecular machine researches rely on the ordinary old-fashioned chemical experimental procedure (= using flask, beaker .. mixing many molecules in the solution ) instead of manipulating single atoms or molecules as parts for really-useful molecular machines
Researchers in the present molecular machines just conducted the ordinary ( old-fashioned ) macroscopic chemical and biological experiments (= mixing reagents, heating, cooling, centrifuging the whole solutions containing many different molecules in beakers.. waiting for some desirable chemical reactions to luckily happen ).
Researchers ( in molecular machine field ) do Not look into individual atomic, molecular interactions nor manipulate individual atoms (= No atomic force nor scanning force microscopes to manipulate atoms are used in these fake molecular machine researches ).
For example, this news research on an overhyped (useless) molecular machine called rotaxane molecule conducted only this ordinary old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure without controlling individual atoms nor using (impractical) quantum mechanical methods.
↑ This paper's p.12-Experimental procedure-p.13 without using any (impractical) quantum mechanical methods says
"Rotaxane was dissolved in CH2Cl2, polymer bound.. was added (= many different molecules were mixed instead of dealing with individual molecules separately ), and the suspension was shaken for 5 min. The resin was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl formate (4 mL) and refluxed for 5 days under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure,.. The crude product was purified by size exclusion chromatography"
↑ Today's (fake) molecular machine researches rely only on old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure without considering nor manipulating individual atoms.
The present mainstream atomic physics or quantum mechanics is completely useless for any science including molecular machines, so almost all the present molecular machine researches avoided using such an useless quantum mechanical method, and did not consider detailed atomic interaction.
When researchers considered atomic interaction, they always used the present ( unphysical ) mainstream quantum mechanical approximation called density functional theory (= DFT ) unreasonably treating the whole multi-electron atoms as one pseudo-electron model to vaguely estimate some total energies (= No prediction ) of the present (fake) molecular machines.
This quantum mechanical DFT artificially chooses pseudo-potentials and exchange energy functionals with No ability to predict any physical values.
Furthermore, this unphysical DFT treating the whole material as one-pseudo-electron with fake mass can Not give concrete shapes to individual atoms or molecules.
So due to the quantum mechanical (or its mainstream approximation DFT ) unrealistic atoms with No shapes, researchers can Not use individual atoms with concrete shapes as practical tools to design or build really-useful molecular machines.
(Fig.3) Relying on old-fashioned macroscopic experimental procedure (= which can treat only mixture of many molecules ) without manipulating individual atoms means today's (hyped) molecular machines are Not real nano-machines.
Here we show examples of today's overhyped useless molecular machine research that just conducted the old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experiments without manipulating individual atoms.
For example, in this overhyped news research, researchers shone light on cells together with some light-activated molecules called molecular-machine molecules (= MM = just simple molecules, Not real molecular machines ) that could slightly rotate (by light) and stimulate cells to release calcium.
↑ No quantum mechanics was used in this alleged molecular machine research where researchers just guessed this light-activated molecular reaction only from experience or experimental observation.
No manipulation of individual atoms nor molecules ( by atomic force microscope or anything ) was done in this research on (fake) molecular machine molecules that were synthesized by old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure (= mixing many different molecules without separating them ).
↑ This research paper on the alleged molecular machine ( this ↓ ).
p.3-last-paragraph says "Molecular machines (MM) are (simple) molecules that can be activated by external
stimuli, such as light, to perform mechanical work...
rotating MM elicits calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). "
↑ Contrary to the (misleading) name of "molecular machine", the synthesis of these molecular machine (= MM ) molecules used the old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure (= instead of manipulating individual atoms in real molecular nano-machines ), as this supplementary p.6~ (= synthesis of MM2 ), p.7(or p.6)-2nd-paragraph says
"10,10-Dimethyl-9(10H)-anthracenone (1.67 g, 7.5 mmol) and Lawesson’s reagent (6.08 g, 15 mmol) were mixed in a solution of toluene (30 mL). The solution (= mixing many different molecules ) was heated to reflux for 14 h. The solution was permitted to cool to room temperature. The toluene was removed by rotary evaporation. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography.."
↑ Old-fashioned macroscopic trial-and-error experiments (= this research just treated the whole solution or mixture of many different molecules at the same time instead of manipulating each single molecule separately = No atomic force or scanning tunneling microscope was used for manipulating single molecules in this research , which is Not a really-useful molecular machine ).
(Fig.3') Rotaxane is just a simple molecule far from the overhyped molecular machine. ↓
A rotaxane consists of a dumbbell-shaped molecule which is threaded through a macrocycle molecule, which is often treated as molecular machine switch (= moving molecules by ordinary macroscopic experimental method ).
Actually, this rotaxane is just a simple useless molecule far from a machine.
The 16th, 20th paragraphs of this overhyped news on this impractical rotaxane say
"but it is important to remember that for now, this is basic and not applied science" ← still-useless molecular machine research.
"so that they can be controlled to move only in one direction." ← This research could not move molecules freely as switch.
↑ In this research, they just moved some trapped molecules (= rotaxane ) a little by some chemical reaction in the normal macroscopic chemical experiment (= mixing reagents in beakers.. ) without controlling individual atoms, so this is Not a real molecular machine.
↑ This research paper ( this ↓ )
p.4-right-synthesis~p.5 conducted the ordinary macroscopic chemical experiments without manipulating individual atoms by atomic force microscopes.
p.10-Scheme.4 showed some oxidation (= + positively-charged ) moved some molecules to right or left randomly (= by electric repulsion caused by oxidation ). ← Relying on ordinary chemical reaction (= oxidation ) by the ordinary macroscopic chemical experimental method instead of manipulating individual atoms
p.11-12 conducted normal macroscopic chemical experiments without manipulating individual atoms nor using (impractical) quantum mechanics.
↑ This p.11-TTF derivative says
"2,6-Bis(2-cyanoethylthio)-3,7-
bis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (212 mg, 0.454 mmol) was
dissolved in anhydrous THF (160 mL) and degassed (N2,
30 min). CsOH•H2O (77.5 mg, 0.461 mmol) was dissolved in
anhydrous MeOH (3.5 mL) and added dropwise over 90 min,
causing the initially orange solution to become dark red. After
1 h, 2-(2-(2-[4-(tris(4-t-butylphenyl)methyl)phenoxy]ethoxy)-
ethoxy)ethyliodide (317 mg, 0.424 mmol) was added. The
reaction mixture (= mixing many different molecules instead of manipulating individual molecules ) was stirred for 2 d before the solvent was
removed"
↑ Old-fashioned macroscopic trial-and-error experiments without manipulating each single molecule, so this is Not a real molecular machine.
The 7th paragraph of this or this hyped news on fake artificial molecular machine ribosome admits
" the current prototype is still far from being as efficient as the (actual) ribosome.."
↑ This research also just conducted ordinary macroscopic chemical experiments ( this p.6-p.45 ) to slightly rearrange molecules (= far from ribosomes or molecular machines ) without manipulating individual atoms, so Not real molecular machines.
↑ This p.23 (= assembly of the molecular machine ) says
"After drying, the resin was swollen in degassed CH2Cl2 (2
mL) for 30 min.... The mixture was shaken for
2 d at room temperature, then filtrated and the resin was washed.... The flask was stored in the dark and the mixture was stirred for 18 h at room
temperature."
↑ Old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure using the ordinary flask without manipulating each single molecule (= No atomic force or scanning tunnel microscope for manipulating single atoms was used due to the useless mainstream quantum mechanics ).
And No (useless) quantum mechanical methods (= Schrodinger equations, DFT, MD.. ) were used, either.
↑ The 4~5th paragraphs of hyped news on alleged molecular machines say.
"The robots operate by carrying out chemical reactions in special solutions (= ordinary macroscopic chemical experimental method )"
"In the future (= just speculation, molecular machines are still useless ) such robots could be used "
↑ This alleged overhyped programmable molecular machine just consists of simple molecules ( this p.10 ) synthesized by the ordinary old-fashioned macroscopic experimental
procedure ( this p.5~p.47 ) instead of manipulating individual atoms.
So this is far from a really-programmable molecular machine.
(Fig.4) Quantum mechanics has to treat any multi-electron molecules (= overhyped fake molecular machines ) as one-pseudo-electron DFT or fictional quasiparticle model with fake effective mass lacking real atomic shape.
Quantum mechanical Schrödinger equations for multi-electron atoms or molecules are unsolvable and useless.
So quantum mechanics has to treat any multi-electron atoms or molecules (including these fake molecular machines) as fictional quasiparticle or one-pseudo-electron model in today's mainstream quantum mechanical approximation called density functional theory (= DFT ) lacking real atomic shapes.
These unphysical quantum mechanical models lacking real individual atomic shapes (= contrary to the media's misleadingly colorful fictional atomic picture ) are why today's hyped molecular machines are useless, unable to manipulate individual atoms as practical parts.
This alleged artificial molecular machine research also just conducted the ordinary macroscopic chemical experiments ( this p.7-p.17 ) without manipulating individual atoms.
↑ This p.16 (= synthesis of molecular machine 1 ) says
"resin were suspended in CH2Cl2 and suspension was both degassed and concentrated by approximately half via nitrogen sparging... rotaxane and alkyne
terminated polymer were dissolved in CH2Cl2 and..
this solution (= mixing many molecules ) was added to the suspension of resin-bound copper with CH2Cl2 being used as a transfer wash... The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature for 19h before the
resin was removed by filtration and the filtrate was purified by preparative scale TLC"
↑ This research relies on the impractical one-pseudo-electron DFT model ( this or this p.4-Fig.4b ) lacking real atomic picture (= contrary to the misleadingly colorful atomic picture ), which unrealistic quantum mechanical model cannot be used for manipulating individual atoms and building really-useful molecular machines.
This research (= p.8-left-quantum mechanical calculation ) used only one-pseudo-electron density functional theory (= DFT ) with empirical exchange energy (= M06-2X ) functional lacking real particle picture (= so hampering technological development ), and only old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure was used ( this p.6-12 ).
This research (= last paragraph ) also used the impractical one-pseudo-electron DFT model and the ordinary macroscopic chemical reaction ( this p.4-6 ) without manipulating individual atoms.
This research on alleged molecular motor ↓
p.3-right-last-paragraph~p.4-left says "(one-pseudo-electron) DFT tends to overestimate the electronic delocalization. On the contrary, Hartree–Fock calculations tend to underestimate the electronic delocalization and for this reason we have chosen DFT with an hybrid functional" ← Quantum mechanical methods lacking real atomic shapes disagree with experimental results
p.7-left-2nd-paragraph says "The demonstration of a controlled rotary movement will then need further experimental developments" ← still useless molecular machines.
p.7-9 experimental procedure used old-fashioned macrocscopic chemical experimental method without manipulating individual atoms.
So in the present researches on (hyped) molecular machines or molecular motors, researchers just conducted the ordinary ( old-fashioned ) macroscopic experiments without considering nor manipulating individual atoms (= by atomic force microscopes ) due to the impractical quantum mechanical (one-pseudo-electron DFT) model that hampers advance of science forever (= resultantly No cure for deadly diseases ).
This p.3-right-2 methods use one-pseudo-electron DFT with artificially-chosen pseudo-potential lacking real atomic shape.
The alleged molecular motor research.
This p.4~p.5 used one-pseudo-electron DFT and empirical-PM6 (= for parametrizing unphysical exchange energy integral )
This p.7-p.10 used the ordinary macroscopic experimental procedure.
As a result, today's hyped molecular machines are just simple molecules that cannot control individual atoms, which are useless, Not real molecular machines, due to the unphysical quantum mechanical shapeless atomic model.
(Fig.5) Nano-car is just simple useless molecules without engine.
Nanocar consists only of several simple molecules (= some of molecules can rotate by being pushed ) that must be artificially pushed by microscope's tip (= without engine ), which is far from a practical (miniature) car.
They just put together several simple molecules by the ordinary old-fashioned macroscopic chemical experimental procedure (= instead of manipulating individual atoms, this p.3~p.22 ).
↑ This research paper ↓
p.2-right-last-paragraph says "Rotation of a wheel (= just simple molecules ) on a surface was achieved for the first time by pushing the molecule with the STM (= microscope ) tip" ← This (fake) nanocar cannot be moved by engine, instead, they had to push it by the microscope tip (= p.3- Figure 1 ).
p.4-left-last says "From the DFT calculations" ← The impractical quantum mechanics had to express the whole nanocar consisting of multiple multi-electron molecules as one-pseudo-electron DFT that prevents nano-technology ( this-p.10-Figure S10 ).
p.5-left-last says "Establishing the laws describing the motion of dipolar molecules under the influence of an electric field induced by an STM tip is a challenge." ← Quantum mechanics can Not explain this nano-car's motion after all.
Quantum mechanics is unable to give actual shapes to individual atoms, because it must unreasonably express multi-electron molecules observed by microscopes (= AFM, STM ) as one-pseudo-electron DFT's fictitious plane wave model ( this p.5-right-Method ).
(Fig.6) Useless basic physics or quantum mechanics (+ DFT, MD ) unable to give real shapes to individual atoms (= instead, only impractical pseudo-potential can be given ) hampers technology.
Even the mainstream quantum mechanical one-pseudo-electron density functional theory (= DFT ) model is too time-consuming to explain several molecules ( this-intro-3rd-paragraph ), so researchers often rely on rough approximations such as empirical molecular mechanics (ex. semi-empirical ASED+ method, this p.4-right-last-paragraph ) with artificially-chosen pseudo-potential energy called force field ignoring real electrons ( this p.1-1st-paragraph ).
↑ This inability of quantum (or molecular ) mechanics to give shapes to individual atoms (= they can only give pseudo-potential called force field ) led to the extremely time-consuming impractical molecular simulating method, molecular dynamics that hampers today's technology.
Quantum mechanical models including the current mainstream one-pseudo-electron DFT approximation are unable to give real shapes to individual atoms.
They can only give pseudo-potential energy (= instead of giving actual atomic shapes ) or force fields in the current only molecular simulating method called molecular dynamics (= MD ) that is too time-consuming, useless, and hampering today's applied science.
For example, this p.6-right used this extremely-time-consuming MD that could just simulate 40ns molecular motion (= p.6-right-1st-paragraph ), which cannot simulate much-longer (= seconds ~ hours ) important biological reaction nor discover drugs.
This alleged molecular rotor research ( this ↓ ).
p.3~p.7 used the ordinary macroscopic experimental procedure (= No manipulation of individual atoms ).
p.23 used one-pseudo-electron DFT and extremely-time-consuming MD. ← This molecular machine remains useless.
This research ( p.8-9-Experimental procedure ) used the ordinary macroscopic biological experiments without manipulating individual atoms nor using (impractical) quantum mechanics.
This p.8~9 methods also used only macroscopic biological methods without using any quantum mechanical calculations (= Schrodinger equation, DFT, MD were Not used ). ← No atomic interaction nor atomic manipulation was considered.
This alleged DNA robot is Not a robot but just some DNA strands sticking or detaching ( this p.6, p.10 ) based on simple DNA base pair complementarity in random walks ( this p.3-Fig.1c ). ← No (useless) quantum mechanics nor atomic interaction was used ( this p.9-material and method ), so deadend biological research
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