Sec. 2.6 Origin of life
2.6.1 The solar wind H+ is CO2
In 1953, Stanley Miller, under the guidance of Harold Urey, experimented
to recreate the origin of life that arose in the early Earth environment.
Five amino acids were produced by electrical discharge in the gas mixture
of methane (CH4),
ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), water vapor (H2O), {7]. Later, it was thought that the primordial atmosphere was mainly
composed of oxidizing gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides
that had been degassed from the Earth's interior. However, the planet orbits
an environment through which hydrogen ions from the solar wind pass at
high speed.
The interaction of charged particles running parallel to the magnetic
field generated by charged particles running in the plasma has a pinch
effect in which the plasma contracts into a thin string and emits high
temperatures. Ions in the sky above the rotating Earth and H+ of the solar
wind are magnetically coupled. Therefore, the solar wind accelerates the
Earth's atmosphere and continues to rotate the atmosphere from west to
east in a 3～4 day cycle. According to the distribution of the high physical
properties of the Earth's upper atmosphere in the chronology of science,
The peak of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the atmosphere is 80km
above it, above which there is a layer of oxygen atoms.
Hydrogen ions in the solar wind repeatedly collide with gas molecules in
the Earth's upper atmosphere, and the solar wind does not reach to the
atmospheron the ground where average free path of the collision is about
1μm. [5]. Since hydrogen ions H+ of the solar wind with 500 km/s collide with the primordial atmosphere
such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2 ) are generated.
The boiling point of CH4 is −162°C, such light hydrocarbon molecules polymerized in the upper sky.
As for hexadecane (C16H34), melting point is 18°C and boiling point 287°C,
and for octadecane (C18H38) melting point is 28~30°C and boiling point is 317°C. The hexadecane or
the octadecane molecules remain in the liquid on the surface of the Earth
continuously, and the accumulated hydrocarbon molecules are the main components
of the cell membranes of living organisms on Earth.
]
Fig.2.6.1. Synthesis of hydrocarbons, which are the main components of
cell membranes of living organisms
Table. 2.6.1 Tempareture characteristics of chain hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2) ( n=14～20)
| Molecular formula | Melting point [℃] | Boiling point [℃]> | Specific gravity [20℃] | |
| Tetradecane | C14H30 | 4 to 6 | 253～25 | 0.76 |
| Hexadecane | C16H34 | 18 | 287 | 0.773～0.776 |
| Octadecane | C18H38 | 28～30 | 317 | 0.777 |
| Icosane | C20H42 | 36～38 | 343.1 | 0.7886 |
2.6.2 The first intermolecular binding tissue
Liquid water can replace oxygen atoms to which hydrogen atoms are bonded
by hydrogen bonds. The bonding partners of hydrogen atoms are replaced
in a very short period of time. Hydrocarbon molecules floating on the surface
of water are hydrophobic, and intermolecular bonds form a film at the interface
between the atmosphere and water. Intermolecular bonded membranes vary
in size in terms of temperature energy. There, it is broken by thermal
motion, but the film is generated again, so that some bond breaks are repaired.
Bubbles break when you stop vibrating [8]. It tells us that the metabolism
that continues to generate is necessary for survival. In this way, membranes
of various molecules attached to hydrophobic hydrocarbons floating on the
surface of the water floated on the surface of the water that were constantly
shaken by the wave breeze, and chemically evolved by receiving ultraviolet
rays and light irradiation from the sun during the day [9].
2.6.3 Process to establish DNA protein replication mechanism
All living things on Earth are composed of L-type (left-handed) chirality
amino acids and D-type (left-handed) chirality sugar chains. There is a
systematic thermal movement of the spiral structure. The spiral structure
with a vertical axis of rotation against the water surface is a low energy
state of water. When amino acid molecules invade the membrane toward inside
of the cell, spirally opposite movement occurs outward around the amino
acid. This spiral movement yields the relationship in which one side is
m-RNA and the other is t-RNA in the double spiral of DNA.
The sequence of proteins with peptide-linked amino acids is controlled
by the structure of sugar chains as a gear mechanism. Each L-type amino
acid is connected to D-type t-RNA. The information of sequence on amino
acids for a protein is stored in a m-RNA. Here, if amino acids and m-RNA
are physically related, the amino acids connect to m-RNA in a random order,
and correct replication is not possible. Therefore, only when the m-RNA
codon and the t-RNA anticodon match, amino acid is linked to m-RNA [10].
Here, the molecular structure of codon and anticodon relationship is two-rotation
symmetrical, and the forward and reverse directions are the same. In addition,
filamentous molecules of proteins and m-RNA proceed by refractory periods
that cannot react immediately after the reaction.
The replication of protein RNA system is formed at first. DNA system that
stores the mechanism of protein replication needs enzyme proteins such
as polymerase and helicase. Thus, the central dogma system was established
at last, in which proteins are synthesized by unilaterally progressing
from DNA to RNA and RNA to protein. (Last modified March 30, 2023)
[Referencees]
[7] Miller, S. L. (1953). “A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive
Earth Conditions”. Science 117 (3046): 528–529. doi:10.1126/science.117.3046.528.
[6] S. Karasawa, The spirit of bubble, [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mLPULp-il8
], 2010
[8] S. Karasawa, The spirit of bubble, [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mLPULp-il8
], 2010.
[9] S. Karasawa, The birth of life on the Earth, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-PfUaZ1s7A 2018.
[10] S.Karasawa, "Origin of Life in the Water of the Earth", Geol Earth Mar Sci,.,
Vol.5(1):1-7, 2023, DOI: 10.31038/GEMS.2023511
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