(Fig.1) Quantum mechanics uses unreal quasiparticles, effective mass.
The present quantum physics is based on old useless concept 100 years ago, which cannot predict anything.
This is the reason why physicists fabricated fictional targets such as quantum computer and Higgs "symmetry".
In condensed matter physics, useless quantum mechanics completely relies on fictitious quasiparticle and effective mass.
So quantum mechanics clearly prevents us from advancing our science !
(F.2) Dirac quasiparticle with zero mass doesn't exist !
Recently, massless Dirac fermion is a hot topic in solid physics. But this massless Dirac fermion is just a unreal quasiparticle, which doesn't really exist.
Despite the unreality in massless Dirac quasiparticle, top journal Nature and prestigious Nobel prize ( this p.4 ) applaud it !
This situation is clearly very harmful to students's future and our science. In fact, this massless Dirac fermion is illusion caused by wrong assumption.
(Fig.3) Quasiparticle contradicts basic physical principle.
Famous Dirac fermion with zero mass is unreal quasiparticle.
When illuminating some material ( ex. topological insulator or graphite ), an electron is ejected by photoelectric effect.
After measuring the energy, momentum of the ejected electron, they jumped to the wrong conclusion that massless Dirac quasiparticle existed inside material.
So they cannot observe this fictitious Dirac quasiparticle, they just detect only the ejected electron.
How fast is this massless (= zero mass ) Dirac fermion moving ?
Einstein relativity claims massless particle always moves at light speed c.
But they say this massless Dirac quasiparticle moves slower than the light speed, 0.3 percent of c, like massless (← ? ) Weyl fermion.
This Dirac quasiparticle contradicts Einstein relativity, so unreal.
Furthermore, it depends on pseudo-spin.
(Fig.5) They misunderstand the electron's momentum in ARPES. → unreal quasiparticle with fake effective mass
Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (= ARPES ) tries to (wrongly) guess the electron's energy and momentum inside material by measuring the kinetic energy and momentum of (real) electrons with real mass kicked out of material after the electrons absorb incident light using photoelectric effect.
The interpretation of this ARPES is based on wrong hypothesis that the (unseen) electron's momentum (= p = ℏk|| ) parallel to the material's surface may keep the same value, even after the electron absorbing the incident light is kicked out of material ( this p.6-7, this p.27, this p.4-(4) ).
Furthermore, to estimate the (unseen) vertical momentum (= k⊥ ) of an electron inside material, they rely on a unknown freely-adjustable parameter V called inner potential, which is different from binding energy or work function ( this p.3-(9), this p.12, this p.32 ).
↑ This unknown parameter V or inner potential in ARPES can be freely chosen to match any theories such as fictional massless Dirac fermion theory ( this p.1-abstract ).
↑ This wrong assumption of ARPES is one of reason why quantum mechanics intentionally misinterprets electrons inside materials as fictitious quasiparticles (= such as massless Dirac fermion quasiparticle, this p.8-10 ) with fake effective masses m* ( this 2~3rd-paragraphs, this p.4-lower, this p.2-right, this p.2-right ), even after ARPES measures the real electrons with real mass.
(Fig.6) ARPES assumption = unchanged electron's momentum is false.
To estimate the existence of massless Dirac fermion, they have to know the exact relationship between the kinetic energy and momentum of the electron inside solids.
But all they can do is measure those values only after the electron is ejected by light. So it's very hard to know the electron's state before absorbing light.
Here, physicists depend on false assumption that the electron's momentum doesn't change before and after the electron absorbs light !
(Fig.7) Quantum mechanics forces us to fabricate unreal quasiparticle !
The wrong assumption that electron's momentum is unchanged even after absorbing light is a main reason for fictional massless Dirac quasiparticle !
So physicists all over the world waste their time in seeking illusory particles.
(Fig.8) ARPES wrong assumption about momentum causes "massless".
Kinetic energy of a particle with mass is proportional to the square of momentum.
On the other hand, the energy of massless light (= photon ) is known to be linearly proportional to momentum ( this p.7 )
By measuring momentum of ejected electron, physicists estimate the relationship of energy linearly proportional to momentum in massless Dirac fermion inside solids.
(Fig.9) Massless Dirac fermion slower than light contradicts relativity !
Massless particle such as photon must travel at the light speed c in any condition according to Einstein relativity.
Bur surprisingly, this massless Dirac fermion moves 300 times more slowly than the light ( this Fig.3e ) !
So this massless Dirac particle conradicts Einstein relativity.
This is the reason why it is called unreal quasiparticle.
(Fig.10) Ejected electron energy = light + initial energy.
Energy of an electron inside the solid is Ei. After the electron absorbs an incident light with energy (= hν ), their total energy must be conserved.
Final kinetic energy (= Ef ) of the ejected electron is the sum of initial energy and light energy ( this p.27 )
(Fig.11) Electron momentum p = ħk.
Here, electron's momentum inside (= before absorbing light, pi || ) and outside (= after absorbing light, pf || )
(Fig.12) Then why can an electron increase its kinetic energy ?
Both energy (= E ) and momentum (= p ) must be conserved after an electron absorbs light ( this p.4 ).
Electron's kinetic energy increases by light energy (= hν ). But they wrongly estimate that the electron's momentum is unchanged even after absorbing light !
Because they think the light has large energy compared to its momentum, so light's momentum can be neglected ( this p.21, this p.2 ).
If photon's momentum is zero and neglected, the ejected electron increases only its kinetic energy without gaining its momentum ?
Unfortunately, it's impossible to increase only electron's kinetic energy without increasing its momentum, because they are proportional to each other.
(Fig.13) Same energy (= E ) → momentum is smaller in photon than electron !
Photon (= light ) and an electron clearly have different masses. The ratios of energy (= E ) to momentum (= p ) are different in particles with different masses.
When an electron and a photon have the same energy (= E ), the momentums of electron and photon are E/(v/2) and E/c, respectively.
Electron's velocity (= v ) is much lower than the light speed c, so, electron's momentum becomes much bigger than that of photon, when their total energies are the same.
(Fig.14) So their total momentum is NOT conserved !
If the ratios of energy to momentum in photon and electron are different, it's impossible that an electron absorbs ( or emit ) a photon.
Because both energy and momentum cannot be conserved before and after an electron absorbs light !
It means when an electron absorbs the photon with energy E, their total momentum is NOT conserved !
So we must give up this "photon" model, and adopt more realistic model in an electron absorbing light.
(Fig.15) Both an electron and nucleus (= proton ) conserve momentum !
Massless Dirac fermion in ARPES depends on wrong assumption, because both momentum and energy cannot be conserved.
If a photon (= light ) is absorbed into the "whole atom" consisting of an electron and a nucleus, this problem doesn't happen.
An eletron and a proton inside atoms are moving in the opposite directions, so have the opposite momentums, and their total momentum is cancelled out to be zero.
Even after the atom absorbs light, their total momentum remains almost zero. Almost all light energy is transferred only to electron, because a proton is much heavier.
Of course, ejected electron increases not only its kinetic energy but also its momentum ( which is canceled by the opposite proton's momentum ).
So electron's momentum also changes drastically after absorbing light, and we cannot use this assumption !
(Fig.16) Top journal should stop forcing physicistis to seek illusory particle !
As a result, you can easily find that massless Dirac fermion is illusion caused by mistaking true electron's momentum for wrong one.
So all physicists just waste their precious time in illusory particles, encouraged by fraudulent top journals.
Unreal quasiparticle means they are useless forever. This is the reason why they fabricated imaginary target = quantum computer.
2016/5/13 updated. Feel free to link to this site.
