1 Planning phase: Defining an objective for the system, selecting system components and predicting the expected performance of the system.
2 Scheduling phase: Determining the time when the various operations are to be performed. Availability of time, labor supply, job priorities, and crop requirements are some important factors.
3 Operating phase: Carrying out the operations with workers and machines. The operator of machinery will be self-supervised.
4 Improving phase: Utilizing productivity measures and standards to improve the system.
Farm work system is an ordered sequence of farm work operations performed in producing and harvesting a particular crop.
Farm work system is a combination of the various subsystems required for culture of all crops grown on a particular farm.
1. Farm work systemTable 511. Arrangements of Farm work system
1.Pre-condition of farming |
Case of precondition for farm mechanization system 1. Application area (topography, weather condition etc) 2. Management system and improvement target 3. Field condition (including farm road, size of field, shape) 4. Object of machinery utilization and total operation area 5. Actual condition of farm house hold. 6. Budget for purchase machinery and controlling the management of group farming system. |
||
2.Preparation of farm works |
Make out the schedule and plan for land utilization table |
Make out the crop cultivation method |
Make out the machinery operation schedule |
3.Mechanization plan |
Make out the cultivation plan of object crop and systematic mechanization table of each crop. |
||
4.Examine of planning |
Examine the coverage in calculation table. |
Examine the working plan and required labor input |
Examine the production cost |
Table 512. Precondition for Farm work system
Items |
Precondition |
|
1. Region and farming area |
Location and area |
|
2. Management system and its improvement target. |
You must clear the following farmer's group such as full time farmer or individual farmer. Clear the improvement target of object crop and its management. |
|
3. Cropping system |
Select crops. Plan cropping system, one or two, cropping system or mixed farming |
|
4. Field condition |
Field size and shape. Soil conditions. Farm road etc. |
|
5. Actual condition of farmers |
Number of farm-house hold |
We must arrange and to investigate actual situation of number of farm house hold, total cultivated area, total labour, condition and availability of labour and total farm machinery in planning area. |
Total cultivated area |
||
Laborer available |
||
Owned total farm machinery |
||
6. Capital available for buying machinery and its management. |
At first, we must clear the cost calculation of machinery, capital available for buying machine, and management's fee etc. |
|
7. Cultivation method |
Name of crop, Variety Planting pattern, Estimate yield per ha Covered area |
|
8. Machinery set |
Example:
1. Rice crop cultivation: Table 512a-1. is an example of North Kanto plain area in Japan.
2. Other examples: Wheat: Table A-512b., Corn: Table A-512c., Potato: Table A-512d., Soybean: Table A-512e. in appendix 3 (fmp-ap3.htm)
Table 512a-1. Mechanization Planning for Rice Transplanting Method in Paddy Field (Example)
1. Pre-condition
Name of crop |
Variety |
Planting pattern |
Yield per ha |
Cultivated area |
Size of field and shape |
Covered area |
Main farm machinery use |
paddy rice |
Akinishiki |
rows 30 cm x 13 cm, 25.6 hills/m2, 3 to 5 plants/hill |
(estimate) 4,500 kg |
Kita-Kanto plain area. paddy field |
30 a (100 m x 30 m) |
10 ha |
46 P.S. tractor, 6 rows Rice Transplanter, 4 row type combine |
See fm-5-1a.xls and FS01R-Jm.xls: 1-1. Pre-condition
Table 512a-2. Mechanization Planning for Rice Transplanting Method in Paddy Field (Example)
2. Table for operation
Items |
Cultivation standard |
Operation standard |
Operation hours per ha (h/ha) |
Fuel consumption |
||||||||||
Name of operation |
Period of operation |
Materials use (per ha) |
Prime mover |
Name of farm Machinery |
accuracy & method |
Field capacity |
Machinery |
Workers |
Total |
|||||
ha/h |
h/ha |
h/ha |
L/h |
|||||||||||
Preparation of seed |
5.14-5.20 |
Seed 35 kg, salt 10 kg, Benlate-T 400 g, Sumithion 80 cc |
Manual |
2 |
1.90 |
|||||||||
Nursery |
5.20-6.25 |
Manual |
2 |
37.50 |
||||||||||
Tillage |
6.12-6.19 |
Tractor |
Rotary 1.8 m |
depth 13 cm |
0.267 |
3.74 |
1 |
3.74 |
D |
6 |
||||
Basal dressing fertilizer |
6.12-6.19 |
comp. fertilizer, (10,18,16) 700 kg |
Tractor |
Broadcaster 300 L |
1.515 |
0.66 |
2 |
1.32 |
D |
4.3 |
||||
Puddling |
6 20-6 28 |
Tractor |
puddling harrow 2.4 m width |
0.549 |
1.82 |
1 |
1.82 |
D |
5.5 |
|||||
Transporting seedling |
6.20-6.29 |
Tractor |
Trailer with seeding box shelves |
0.21 |
4.77 |
2 |
9.54 |
G |
4 |
|||||
Rice transplanting |
6.21-6.29 |
Self-propel |
Riding type 6 row Rice transplanter |
0.172 |
5.81 |
2 |
11.62 |
D |
0.7 |
|||||
Herbicide application |
6.26-7.3 |
Saturn M 30 kg |
Manual |
Granule spreader * |
2.28 |
1 |
2.28 |
|||||||
Top-dressing & spraying |
7.5-7.10 |
ammonium sulfate 100 kg, Diazinon Granule 30 kg |
Manual |
mixed spray |
1 |
2.62 |
||||||||
Pest & Disease control/ |
||||||||||||||
Rice skipper, Sheath blight |
8.3-8.7 |
Dipterex 1.0 L Neo-Asozin 0.7 L |
Tractor |
Tractor mount type sprayer, levee nozzle, mixed spray |
1.852 |
0.54 |
6 |
3.24 |
D |
3 |
||||
1.852 |
0.54 |
2 |
1.62 |
G |
4 |
|||||||||
Stem borer Leaf hopper Leaf Blast |
8.25-8.29 |
Sumithion 1.5 L Bassa 1.0 L Validacim 1.5 L Kitazin 1.5 L |
Tractor |
Tractor mount type sprayer, levee nozzle, mixed spray |
1.235 |
0.81 |
6 |
4.86 |
D |
3 |
||||
1.235 |
0.81 |
2 |
1.62 |
4 |
||||||||||
Top-dressing |
8.10-8.15 |
comp. fertilizer (17,0,16) 120 kg |
Manual |
1 |
6.00 |
|||||||||
Water management |
"6-9" |
Manual |
1 |
96.00 |
||||||||||
Harvest/ |
||||||||||||||
Harvesting & threshing |
10.20-11.5 |
Self-propel |
Head feeding type 4 row combine |
0.115 |
8.66 |
2 |
17.32 |
D |
3.9 |
|||||
Transporting |
10.20-11.5 |
Truck |
1 ton truck |
0.654 |
1.53 |
2 |
3.06 |
G |
4 |
|||||
Drying |
10.20-11.6 Tempering (Circulated) |
Motor |
21 koku (3780L ) |
Moisture 21.3-14.0% |
34.5 |
2 |
9.56 |
K |
2.9 |
|||||
Husking |
10.21-11.7 |
Motor |
Husker roll width 76mm |
0.24 |
4.17 |
3 |
12.50 |
|||||||
Rice straw turn over |
10.23-11.8 |
Tractor |
Tedder & rake (3.0m width) |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1.00 |
D |
6.1 |
|||||
Rice straw gathering |
10.24-11.9 |
Tractor |
Tedder & rake (3.0 m width) |
0.909 |
1.1 |
1 |
1.10 |
D |
5.5 |
|||||
Rice straw bale |
10.24-11.9 |
Tractor |
Baler (1.4m width) |
0.68 |
1.47 |
2 |
2.94 |
D |
10.4 |
|||||
Total |
74.21 |
232.63 |
D: Diesel ,G: Gasoline, K: Kerosene
After you decide the precondition of planning, you can make farm mechanization planning table.
Table 5-1-3. Planning table of rice cultivation:FS01R-J
Farm work |
TOW |
Main machine |
M |
Nw |
Rate of work |
Working period |
Coverage |
|||||
No |
Name |
No. |
Name |
EFC |
DC |
DATES |
DATEE |
DWP |
CA |
|||
- |
- |
ha/h |
ha/d |
- |
- |
d |
ha |
|||||
1 |
Tillage |
M |
1 |
Tractor |
1 |
1 |
0.286 |
1.829 |
8.Feb |
18.Apr |
70 |
93.4 |
2 |
Puddling |
M |
1 |
Tractor |
1 |
1 |
0.110 |
0.703 |
20.Apr |
19.May |
30 |
15.4 |
3 |
Nursery |
C |
99 |
None |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
2.Apr |
21.May |
50 |
- |
4 |
Trans-planting |
M |
4 |
Rice trans-planter |
1 |
2 |
0.134 |
0.860 |
22.Apr |
21.May |
30 |
18.8 |
5 |
Caring crop |
M |
5 |
Power Weeder |
1 |
1 |
0.072 |
0.396 |
2.Jun |
21.Jul |
50 |
11.9 |
6 |
Chemical application |
M |
6 |
Power Sprayer |
1 |
3 |
0.529 |
2.923 |
3.Jul |
22.Jul |
20 |
35.1 |
7 |
Harvest-1 |
L |
99 |
None |
0 |
1 |
0.500 |
2.763 |
12.Sep |
11.Oct |
30 |
49.7 |
8 |
Harvest-2 |
M |
7 |
Head feeding combine |
1 |
1 |
0.060 |
0.332 |
12.Sep |
11.Oct |
30 |
6.5 |
9 |
Drying |
C |
99 |
None |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
13.Sep |
11.Nov |
60 |
- |
10 |
Husking |
C |
99 |
None |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
15.Sep |
13.Nov |
60 |
- |
11 |
Water management |
L |
99 |
None |
0 |
1 |
0.043 |
0.000 |
2.Apr |
1.Oct |
183 |
- |
Where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
TOW |
Type of work: M= Machine, C= Contract, L= Manual |
- |
M, Nw |
No. of machine set, workers |
- |
EFC |
Effective Field Capacity |
ha/h |
DC |
Daily Capacity |
ha/d |
DATES, -E |
Starting date or Ending date |
- |
DWP |
Days of working period |
d |
CA |
Coverage |
ha |
Table 514. Summary of farm work system: Example
See FS01R-Jm.xls : 4-4. Summary of farm work system
No. |
Work |
TOW |
M |
Nw |
WC |
MH |
AFC |
VCa |
CA |
ACa-ca |
CI-ca |
h/ha |
h/ha |
$ |
$/ha |
ha |
$/ha |
- |
|||||
1 |
Tillage |
M |
1 |
1 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
1,525 |
48 |
93.4 |
284 |
2.4 |
2 |
Puddling |
M |
1 |
1 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
2,720 |
94 |
19.5 |
515 |
4.3 |
3 |
Nursery |
C |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
1,231 |
- |
1231 |
10.2 |
4 |
Transplanting |
M |
1 |
2 |
7.4 |
14.9 |
3,820 |
155 |
18.8 |
746 |
6.2 |
5 |
Caring crop |
M |
1 |
1 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
270 |
171 |
11.9 |
212 |
1.8 |
6 |
Chemical application |
M |
1 |
3 |
1.9 |
5.7 |
542 |
118 |
35.1 |
202 |
1.7 |
7 |
Harvest-1 |
L |
0 |
1 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
0 |
15 |
49.7 |
15 |
0.1 |
8 |
Harvest-2 |
M |
1 |
1 |
16.7 |
16.7 |
4,973 |
202 |
6.5 |
971 |
8.1 |
9 |
Drying |
C |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
865 |
- |
865 |
7.2 |
10 |
Husking |
C |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0 |
288 |
288 |
2.4 |
|
11 |
Water management |
L |
0 |
1 |
23.3 |
23.3 |
0 |
269 |
- |
269 |
2.2 |
max |
sum |
sum |
sum |
sum |
min |
sum |
sum |
||||
Work system |
1 |
3 |
76.0 |
87.2 |
13,851 |
3,457 |
6.5 |
5,600 |
46.6 |
Where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
Sample |
TOW |
Type of work: M= Machine, C= Contract, L= Manual |
- |
|
M, Nw |
No. of machine, workers |
- |
|
WC |
Work capacity |
h/ha |
76.0 |
MH |
Man-hours per ha |
h/ha |
87.2 |
AFC |
Annual fixed cost |
$ |
13,851 |
VCa |
Variable cost per ha |
$/ha |
3,457 |
ACa |
Annual cost per ha |
$/ha |
5,600 |
A: |
Land area |
ha |
10.0 |
CA: |
Coverage of system |
ha |
6.5 |
Y: |
Yield per year |
t/ha |
4.5 |
LDP: |
Land productivity = Y * Crop Price =(PSa) |
$/ha |
12,015 |
LBP: |
Labor productivity = (SH)=LDP/MH |
$/h |
|
SH : |
Sales per working hour of this system = (LBP) |
$/h |
138 |
Abp: |
Break-even point |
ha |
1.6 |
CI-ca : |
Cost per ha/ Sales per ha at system coverage |
% |
46.6 |
PRa-a: |
Profit per ha of system at A (= LDP-AC-a) |
$/ha |
7,173 |
PRa-ca: |
Profit per ha of system at CA (=LDP-AC-ca) |
$/ha |
6,415 |
PRa |
Profit per ha of system |
$/ha |
6,415 |
PS-a |
Total Sales at A (= LDP*A) |
$ |
120,150 |
PS-ca |
Total Sales at CA (= LDP*CA) |
$ |
77,668 |
ATC-a |
Total Cost at A (=AC-a*A) |
$ |
48,420 |
ATC-ca |
Total Cost at CA (=AC-ca*CA) |
$ |
36,197 |
PR-a: |
Total Profit of system at A |
$ |
71,730 |
PR-ca: |
Total Profit of system at CA |
$ |
41,471 |
PR: |
Total Profit of system |
$ |
41,471 |
Maximum number of workers is available or not?
Saving labor hour is reasonable or not.
Minimum coverage of system is important limiting factor.
Also, coverage of each work should be checked out.
If annual operation area is larger than the coverage, we need to supply the additional machinery or worker, and machinery cost is added accordingly.
Assume the same kind of machine in each farm work, then the number of machinery set was adjusted and fixed cost per ha will be calculated by next equations.
M-sys = INT(Aa / CAS + 1) Eq. 5
-1FCa = AFC / Aa
FCa = AFCs * Msys / Aa Eq. 5
-2Where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
Example |
Farm work ( Harvest) |
harvest-2 |
||
M-sys |
Number of machinery set of work |
- |
4 |
Aa |
Annual farm work area |
ha |
20 |
INT |
Function of getting integer |
- |
- |
CAS |
Coverage of one set |
ha |
6.5 |
FCa |
Fixed cost per ha |
$/ha |
995 |
AFC |
Annual total fixed cost |
$ |
19,894 |
AFCs |
Annual fixed cost(of one set) |
$ |
4,973 |
Table 514d. Annual total fixed cost of harvesting work
Annual farm work area |
No. of set |
Annual total fixed cost |
Fixed cost per ha |
Aa |
M |
AFC |
FCa |
(ha) |
- |
US$ |
(US$/ha) |
1 |
1 |
4,973 |
4,973 |
5 |
1 |
4,973 |
995 |
10 |
2 |
9,947 |
995 |
15 |
3 |
14,920 |
995 |
20 |
4 |
19,894 |
995 |
25 |
4 |
19,894 |
796 |
30 |
5 |
24,867 |
829 |
See: harvest-2, CA = 6.5 ha
Total fixed cost etc. of the farm work system will be calculated by summation of each item of farm work correspond to the certain annual farm work area.
Table 514e. Total fixed cost of a farm work system: Example
CAS(minimum)=5.6ha, Sales per ha = 12,015 $/ha
Annual farm work area |
No. of set (max.) |
Annual total fixed cost |
Fixed cost per ha |
Variable cost per ha |
Cost per ha |
Aa |
M |
AFC |
FCa |
VCa |
ATCa |
(ha) |
- |
($) |
($/ha) |
($/ha) |
($/ha) |
1 |
1 |
13,851 |
13,851 |
3,457 |
17,308 |
5 |
1 |
13,851 |
2,770 |
3,457 |
6,227 |
10 |
2 |
18,824 |
1,882 |
3,457 |
5,339 |
15 |
3 |
24,068 |
1,605 |
3,457 |
5,061 |
20 |
4 |
35,581 |
1,779 |
3,457 |
5,236 |
25 |
4 |
35,851 |
1,434 |
3,457 |
4,891 |
30 |
5 |
40,825 |
1,361 |
3,457 |
4,818 |
Fig. 5-2. Total cost per ha of a farm work system
Break-even point or Cross point of rice sales and farm work cost is an important key-point for analyzing the farm work system.
If the cost of farm work system is more than the sales of rice, that is, the expense is larger than income, there is no profit by this farm work system. The break-even point of area shows the point, that there is profit by the system if the farm scale is larger than this point. The break-even point of area is calculated as follows. (Refer to 4-6. Break-even point)
PSa * Abp = AFC + VCa * Abp Eq. 5
-3or
PSa = VCa + AFC / Abp Eq. 5
-4Abp = AFC / (PSa - VCa) Eq. 5
-5where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
Example |
PSa |
Sales per ha |
$/ha |
12,015 |
Abp |
Break-even point of area |
ha |
1.62 |
AFC |
Annual total fixed cost |
$ |
13,851 |
VCa |
Total variable cost per ha |
$/ha |
3,457 |
Fig. 5-3. Total cost and sales amount
See
FS01R-Jm.xls :fwtotal
Cost performance is basic index for economic evaluation. Here, we calculate the ratio cost per ha to sales per ha (Cost index of farm work).
If this is over 100%, it means no profit.
PRa = PSa – ATCa Eq. 5
-6
Maximum profit of farm work system will be normally obtained at largest scale of farm.
If the minimum coverage is less than the farm scale, then it is the limit factor of the farm scale. We can cultivate the farm within the range of the minimum coverage. Therefore, the maximum profit will be normally obtained at the farm scale that is same to the minimum coverage.
PRa-max = PSa - ATCa-ca
= PSa - [AFC/CA + VCa] Eq. 5-7PR-max = PS-ca - ATC-ca
= PS-ca - [AFC + VCa * CA] Eq. 5
-8Where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
Example |
in FS01R-J |
PRa-max |
Profit per ha: maximum |
$/ha |
5,771 |
7,148 |
PSa |
Sales per ha |
$/ha |
12,015 |
12,015 |
ATCa-ca |
Cost per ha at area = coverage |
$/ha |
6,248 |
5,624 |
AFC |
Annual fixed cost |
$ |
29,894 |
13,851 |
CA |
Coverage |
ha |
10.4 |
6.464 |
VCa |
Variable cost per ha |
$/ha |
3,373 |
3,482 |
PR-max |
Total Profit: maximum |
$ |
60,107 |
41,310 |
PS-ca |
Total Sales at area = coverage |
$ |
124,496 |
77,668 |
ATC-ca |
Total Cost at area = coverage |
$ |
64,973 |
36,358 |
See:fwtotal-1 and FS01R-Jm.xls: 4-4.Summary-system
Exercise 5-1., 5-2., 5-3., 5-4., 5-5.
Compare and discuss on the several farm work systems: Table 515.
Table 515. Comparing of several farm work systems
No. |
System |
Type |
FS |
Nw- max |
TMH |
AFC |
VCa |
CA |
ACa-1ha |
ACa-10ha |
ACa-30ha |
ACa-ca |
PSa |
CI-ca |
SH |
ha |
h/ha |
$ |
$/ha |
ha |
$/ha |
$/ha |
$/ha |
$/ha |
$/ha |
- |
$/h |
||||
1 |
FS0m-J |
Ref. |
1 |
3 |
1683 |
323 |
18,258 |
1.2 |
18,581 |
18,524 |
12,015 |
154 |
7 |
||
2 |
FS0a-J |
Ref. |
1 |
3 |
727 |
335 |
9,661 |
2.0 |
9,995 |
9,829 |
12,015 |
82 |
17 |
||
3 |
FS01-J |
TE |
6.5 |
3 |
68 |
10,773 |
3,506 |
6.5 |
14,279 |
4,583 |
3,865 |
5,163 |
12,015 |
43 |
177 |
4 |
FS01-H |
TE |
|||||||||||||
5 |
Rice |
Stat.: 2000 |
1 |
3 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9,925 |
9,895 |
100 |
||||
6 |
Rice |
Stat.: 2000 |
10 |
3 |
10 |
9,925 |
0 |
0 |
6,463 |
9,895 |
65 |
||||
7 |
Wheat |
Stat.: 1998 |
1 |
1 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3,706 |
4,701 |
79 |
||||
8 |
Soy bean |
Stat.: 1998 |
1 |
1 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,380 |
3,386 |
129 |
||||
9 |
Rice kanto |
Rice-sys |
10 |
6 |
196 |
29,894 |
3,373 |
10 |
33,267 |
6,362 |
4,369 |
6,362 |
12,015 |
53 |
61 |
Note: 1. FS0m-J: Manual farm work system in Japan by references
2. FS0a-J: Animal farm work system in Japan by references
Where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
FS |
Farm scale of system |
ha |
Nw-max |
Number of workers available |
- |
TMH |
Total Man-hours per ha |
h/ha |
AFC |
Annual fixed cost |
$ |
VCa |
Variable cost per ha |
$/ha |
CA |
Covered area |
ha |
ACa-* |
Annual cost per ha at farm scale of * |
$/ha |
PSa |
Sales per ha |
$/ha |
CI |
Cost index (x100): = Cost per ha/ Sales per ha |
- |
SH |
Sales per working hour |
$/h |
PRa |
Profit per ha of system |
$/ha |
Abp |
Break-even point |
ha |
In case of a farm work, coverage is simply obtained as following equation.
CA = DC * AWD * (M or Nw) Eq. 5
-9DC = EFC * Dn Eq. 5
-10AWD = DWP * ADR Eq. 5
-11or,
CA = ANWH * EFC * M = ANWH / WC * M Eq. 5
-12where,
symbol |
term |
unit |
Seed preparation |
CA |
Coverage |
ha |
67.1 |
DC |
Daily Capacity |
ha/d |
2.13 |
M |
Number of machine set |
- |
|
Nw |
Number of workers |
- |
2 |
EFC |
Effective Field Capacity |
ha/h |
0.333 |
Dn |
Net working hour |
h/d |
6.4 |
AWD |
Available Work Day |
d |
15.7 |
DWP |
Days of Work Period |
d |
21 |
ADR |
Rate of Available Work Day |
- |
0.75 |
ANWH |
Available Net Work Hour |
h |
100.8 |
WC |
Work Capacity |
h/ha |
3.0 |
Example: Seed preparation in above table.
Coverage CA = 2.13 * 15.7 * 2 =67.1 ha
We need to operate more than two farm works in certain work period.
CAS = ANWH * EFCp = ANWH / WCp Eq. 5
WCp = WC1/M1 + WC2 / M2 + WC3 / M3 + Eq. 5
-14
where, EFCp = 1 / WCp
symbol |
term |
unit |
CAS |
Coverage of one set |
ha |
ANWH |
Available Net Work Hour |
h |
Mi |
Number of machine set of farm work(i) |
- |
Nw |
Number of workers |
- |
EFCp |
Effective Field Capacity of plural works |
ha/h |
WCi |
Work Capacity of farm work(i) |
h/ha |
WCp |
Work Capacity of plural works |
h/ha |
<------------------------------ S -------------------------------------------> |
|||||||
Work-1 |
<-------------------S1 -------------------> |
||||||
Work-2 | <------------------ S2 ------------------> | ||||||
Work-3 | < ------------------- S3 -----------------> | ||||||
< -------------------- S12 --------------------------> | |||||||
< ----------------------------- S23 -----------------------------> | |||||||
< -------- s1 -------> | < --------------- s2 ------------> | <----- s3 ------> | |||||
Where, S = Total available working hour
S1, S2, S3 = Available working hour for work-1, work-2, work-3 respectively
S12 = Available working hour for work-1 and 2
S23 = Available working hour for work-2 and 3
Fig. 5-4 Work period overlapped by plural works
If total working hour is available without constraint for three works, each time required to work 1,2,3 are calculated as following equations. (fw-sche.xls)
s1 = S * WC1 / WCp
s2 = S * WC2 / WCp
s3 = S * WC3 / WCp Eq. 5
-15where, WCp = WC1 + WC2 + WC3
CA = S / WCp = s1 / WC1 = s2 / WC2= s3 / WC3 Eq. 5
CA = S1 / WC1 Eq. 5
-17CA = S2 / WC2 Eq. 5
-18CA = S3 / WC3 Eq. 5
-19CA = min [S12 / (WC1 + WC2), S1 / WC1, S2 / WC2] Eq. 5
-20, orCA = min [S23 / (WC2 + WC3), S2 / WC2, S3 / WC3] Eq. 5
-21CA = min [S / WCp, S1 / WC1, S2 / WC2, S3 / WC3, S12 / (WC1 + WC2), S23 / (WC2 + WC3)] Eq. 5
-22
Generally farming system is not single crop system, but multi-crop system as followings:
Cost analysis will be done annual base, that is, the cost and sales amount should be calculated as total cost of all crop system and as total sales of all crop system within one year, in order to compare the economical benefit of each system.
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