Einstein relativistic theory is false, Faster than light is observed in Sagnac effect.

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Einstein relativity is wrong

(Fig.1)  GPS, Michelson-Morley (= Gale-Pearson ) experiments showed light speed is changed by the earth rotation and disproved Einstein relativity, which can be explained by the light medium moving with the earth, but unfixed to the earth spinning.

Einstein relativity is wrong, the light speed c is changed by observers' (= earth's ) motion, as shown in GPS.

Einstein relativistic Lorentz transformation is based on the postulate that light speed must be always the constant c when measured by any moving or stationary observers ( this-middle ).

But the speed of light emitted by GPS is observed to be faster or slower than the light speed c, depending on the earth (= observer ) moving speed, which is called Sagnac effect disproving Einstein relativity claiming the observed light speed must be always the same c ( this-abstract,  this-abstract, ).

This-last-8.conclusion says
"These non-constant light speed values c±v induced by the rotation of the Earth contradict the ( relativistic ) postulate of light speed constancy"

Also in Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiment, they measured two lights traveling at faster or slower than light speed c due to the detector rotating with the rectangular circuit.

↑ All these GPS and Michelson-Gale experiments clearly contradict Einstein relativistic theory based on the same constant light speed c measured irrelevant to motion of the earth or observers.  ← Textbooks tend to hide this inconvenient truth ( this p.3-discussion~p.4 ).

All ad-hoc relativistic explanations about Sagnac effect are wrong. Only the medium moving with the earth but unfixed to the earth spinning can explain experimental results.

All ad-hoc general and special relativistic solutions to GPS observing faster or slower than light speed in Sagnac effect are wrong.

This p.1-lower, p.3-conclusion says
"in the global positioning system (GPS)... From these light travel time differences these researchers deduced light speeds c - v eastward and c + v (= faster than light speed c ) westward relative to the surface of the Earth where v is the speed of rotation of the Earth’s surface at the particular latitude"

"one-way light speed is Not the same in all directions as required by the light speed constancy postulate of special relativity."

Only the real medium moving with the earth (= but this medium unfixed to the earth spinning like free atmosphere ) can explain the why speed of light emitted by GPS is changed only by the earth's spinning, Not by the earth moving around Sun in addition to aberration, which inconvenient truth is hidden by textbooks and the overhyped media repeating empty phrases "Einstein was right again !"

(Fig.2)  Light speed c is changed only by the earth rotation (= spinning ), which cannot be explained by Einstein relativity.

Einstein relativity says contradiction where light speed is changed by the earth spinning (= observer's motion ), but not by the earth rotating around Sun, nor by GPS satellite's speed.

GPS, Michelson-Gale experiments (= conducted in the vacuum ), Sagnac effect clearly showed the light can travel faster (= c + v ) or slower (= c - v ) than the light speed c when measured by the observers moving at a velocity of v ( This p.1-lower,  this p.3-discussion ), which disproves Einstein relativity and Lorentz transformation based on the same light speed c regardless of motions of light sources and observers ( this-Einstein's two postulates ).

↑ If Einstein "relativistic" motion is right, the observed light speed must be changed not only by observers' or earth's motion ( this-6th-paragraph ) but also by the velocity of the light source = GPS satellite (= emitting light ).  But paradoxically the speed of light c is not affected by the light-source = satellite speed ( this p.18-19,  this p.4 ) which only causes Doppler shift (= light wavelength change ).

↑ If the light speed c is faster or slower by the velocity of light sources such as satellites and atoms, the speed of light emitted by atoms (= which can move at almost light speed c ) can be very slower = 0 = c - c (or faster = 2c = c + c ) than c, which does not happen.

Light speed is faster or slower than c by the earth rotation in Sagnac effect which disproved Einstein relativity of isotropic light speed c.

We can easily prove light measured by the moving detectors can be faster or slower than light speed c (= in this case, objects or light moving faster than light should have unreal imaginary mass in relativistic mass of v > c ) which disproves Einstein relativity.

Even the recent published papers officially admit the light speed measured by the moving observers is anisotropic (= faster or slower than light speed c depending on observers' or the earth's motion, which contradicts Einstein relativity, this-lower-8.conclusion ).

This-p.7-2nd-paragraph (2024) says
"the one-way speed of light is anisotropic (= faster or slower than light speed c ) in inertial frames, which agrees with the experimental results (= disagreeing with Einstein relativity, this-1st-paragraph )"

This-p.6-6th-paragraph says
"In other words, the SRT (= special relativistic theory ) correctly applied to a rotating Sagnac Interferometer does Not predict the Sagnac Effect."

So the claims that light speed should be always the constant c even when measured by the moving detector S, baselessly saying the lack of synchronization or something ( this-p.12-13 ) are completely wrong.

General relativity admits light can travel faster or slower than light speed c as measured by observers rotating, which can Not explain why light speed is unaffected by the earth rotating around Sun or galactic center, so wrong.

So the general relativistic Sagnac effect started to say the contradictory thing where the light speed is the constant c only with respect to the stationary earth (= admitting one absolute frame or aether stationary with respect to the earth contradicting Einstein relativity, this p.6-upper,  this p.3-lower~p.4 ).

↑ It means general relativity admits the light speed observed by the rotating earth can be faster or slower than c (= in this case, a thing or light moving faster than light has unreal imaginary mass disagreeing with relativistic mass ) depending on the rotating direction (= anisotropic ) by using fictional Coriolis force speed-up or slow-down conveniently changed by the light's moving direction.

This-p.4-6 conclusions say
"the speed of light varies by c ± ωr in one or the other direction around the disk.... the apparent variation of the speed of light is... gravitational Coriolis time dilation (= No such thing as Coriolis time dilation conveniently changing the light speed faster or slower depending on the light's traveling directions even in official relativity though )"

↑ But if this ad-hoc general relativistic interpretation of Sagnac effect was right, the earth is also rotating around Sun or galactic center at a speed much faster than the earth spinning, so the light speed observed on the earth must be affected by the earth moving around the Sun or galactic center, which light speed change cannot be detected (= as shown in Michelson-Morley or GPS ), paradoxically.

As a result, both special and general relativity are proved to be wrong, disagreeing with the observed light speed.

The medium (= aether ) moving with the earth (= but unfixed to the earth spinning ) can explain this Sagnac effect and stellar aberration.

These Sagnac effect (= light speed is changed by observer's motion ) is one of ordinary classical mechanical effects ( this p.1-right-2 ) contradicting Einstein relativity (= due to light speed c changed by observers' velocity ), contrary to the misleading word of the relativistic Sagnac effect ( this-lower-conclusions ).

This p.8-5-conclusion-2nd-paragraph says
"The positive result of the Sagnac experiment is significant. The experiment was sufficient proof that the velocity of light can be added to or subtracted from in accordance with the classical law of addition of velocities but in contradistinction to the relativistic law which makes the velocity of light absolute and independent of motion of the observer or the source of light"

This Sagnac effect and Michelson-Gale-Pearson experiments are consistent with the light medium (= aether ) moving with the earth (= light speed is the constant c inside this earth medium.  ← this can perfectly explain aberration, too ), but this earth medium is not fixed to the earth spinning (= light speed is changed only by the earth's spinning, as seen in Sagnac effect.  this p.6 ).

Actually, the atmospheric air moving with the earth can move independently of (= not fixed to ) the earth spinning (= air molecules are moving in various directions at very fast speeds, as seen in super-rotation ), because the earth gravity attracts the atmospheric air molecules only in vertical direction, irrelevant to the spinning (= horizontal ) direction.

The realistic light medium is compatible with all experimental results such as GPS, Sagnac effect, Michelson-Gale experiments which disproved Einstein relativity.

Michelson-Gale experiment used the rectangular vacuum pipe (= surrounded by the solid wall ) inside which the light medium substance's velocity is balanced and uniform, which can detect light speed changed by the earth rotation, violating the relativity.

↑ This rectangular circuit's shape doesn't change, and the north and south pipes' velocities are different due to different earth's spinning speeds at different latitudes, so in this Michelson-Gale experiment, the rectangular hollow pipe slightly rotated by the earth, which did not drag the medium inside the hollow pipe in tangential direction, which could detect faster or slower than light speed.

The hollow rotating ring path does not change or accelerate the light medium's velocity (= or light speed ) in the tangential direction (= because the wall of this rotating vacuum ring tube doesn't push the medium in tangential direction ), which can detect light speed difference between clockwise and anticlockwise seen by the observer rotating with the ring, which disproved Einstein relativity with the constant light speed c seen by any moving observers.  ← Optical fiber case also disagrees with relativity ( this 7th, last-paragraphs ).

Only the light medium moving with the earth, unfixed to the earth spinning can explain the observed GPS Sagnac effect disagreeing with Einstein relativity.

Actually, the atmospheric air molecules even near the earth are just moving in random directions and colliding with buildings or mountains, instead of being dragged by the earth spinning.

GPS satellite flying at the altitude far higher than the boundary atmosphere (= the free atmosphere is Not influenced by the earth spinning nor collision with the buildings near the earth surface ), which can detect the light speed changed by the earth spinning as shown in Sagnac effect disproving Einstein relativity.

↑ The observed light speed is affected only by the earth spinning, Not affected by the GPS satellite's speed nor the earth rotating around Sun or galactic center (= which difference cannot be explained by the ad-hoc general relativity ) because the light emitted by the satellite travels through the medium moving with earth at the light speed c (= but this earth medium is unfixed to the earth spinning, like free atmosphere, which can detect the light speed changed by the earth's spinning velocity ).

(Fig.3)  Lights traveling clockwise and anticlockwise reach S (= on the loop light path rotating at v ) at different times (= faster or slower than light ), which Sagnac effect can be explained classically, and contradicts Einstein relativity with the constant light speed c.

Light speed c can be faster or slower seen by the rotating observer S, which contradicts Einstein relativity.

In Sagnac effect using optical gyroscopes, two beams of light emitted by a light source S travel clockwise (= red light-2 ) and anticlockwise (= blue light-1 ) inside the loop circuit path rotating at a velocity v clockwise, and reach the S at different times.

From the perspective of the S observer rotating at v, the light-1 travels anticlockwise at a faster light speed c+v, and the light-2 travels clockwise at a slower light speed c-v.

Because as seen by the S rotating at a velocity of v, light-1 and light-2 travel the same distance of 2πr (= r is the loop radius which is not Lorentz length contracted by the S rotating in tangential non-radial direction ), and return to the same S at different times at different speeds of faster (= c + v ) or slower (= c - v ) than the light speed c.

This-p.13-(2.5.4) says "light travels with velocities c-v (= slower than light ) and c+v (= faster than light ) for the co and counter rotating beams"

This Sagnac effect (= this faster-than-light motion was experimentally confirmed in the vacuum this 7th-paragraph ) can be naturally explained by the ordinary classical mechanics irrelevant to relativistic theory ( this p.2-p.3 ).

Light observed to travel faster or slower than light speed c by the detector S motion disproves Einstein relativity claiming the light speed must be always observed to be constant c.

↑ This Sagnac effect where the observed light speed c is changed by the observers' motion (= the rotating S detector ) disproves Einstein relativity that claims the observed light speed must be always constant c ( this-abstract,  this p.2-last-conclusion, ).

Because according to Einstein relativistic mass, any thing moving faster than light must have unreal imaginary mass or imaginary relativistic energy.

This-p.11-2nd-paragraph says "Selleri suggests that the SRT (= special relativistic theory ) should be abandoned and that the isotropy of the speed of light exists in only one privileged reference frame"

(Fig.4)  S in the loop rotating at a speed v measures faster (= c +v ) and slower (= c - v ) than light speed, disproving Einstein relativity.

Light is observed to travel faster or slower than light speed c by the rotating loop S, disproving Einstein relativity.

In the upper Fig.4, S and the loop are rotating at a velocity of v clockwise, and S emits light-1 counterclockwise and light-2 clockwise at the same time t_s = 0 (= t_s is time measured in the rotating S clock ) or t = 0 (= t is the time measured in stationary clocks outside the loop in the inertial frame ).

When the outside stationary clock time is t = t₁, the rotating or moving S clock time is slightly slower or time-dilated t_s = square root of (1-v²/c²) t₁ due to the moving clock running slower.  ← The rotating S clock's time can be easily monitored and confirmed by the outside clocks.

Light-1 travels 2πr (= r is the radius of the loop ) as seen by the rotating observer S, because the the radius r seen by the rotating S is unchanged, not Lorentz length contracted (= because S moving in the tangential direction, Not in the radial direction ), which also causes Ehrenfest paradox disproving Einstein relativity.

As a result, the rotating S measures the light-1 traveling faster than-light ( > c ), as shown in this, which contradicts Einstein relativity ( wrongly ) claiming the light speed must be always the same c as measured by any moving observers.

In the same way, this rotating observer S measures light-2 traveling slower-than-light speed ( < c ), which also contradicts Einstein relativity.

A thing moving faster than light must have unreal imaginary mass or energy, which Sagnac effect disproves Einstein relativistic mass-energy.

According to Einstein relativistic mass, light traveling faster than light speed c must have unreal imaginary mass (or unreal imaginary energy ), and light traveling slower than light must have unreal zero energy (= due to photon's zero rest mass ), which contradicts experimental results.

As a result, Einstein relativity is proven wrong.

In fact, this rotating loop also exposes twin paradox (= which clock inside or outside the loop runs slower is paradoxical ) disproving Einstein relativity.

(Fig.5)   Which clock inside or outside the loop is moving and running slower is paradox, disproving Einstein relativity

Clocks rotating along the loop tick slower or faster than the outside stationary clocks is paradoxical.

All clocks and S inside the loop are rotating at the same speed v clockwise as seen by stationary clocks outside the loop (= all clocks rotating inside the loop must run at the same pace with each other symmetrically, which can be easily monitored and confirmed by the outside stationary clocks ).

↑ Clocks rotating with the loop and the outside stationary clocks exist in the same places along the loop, so they can measure each other's time and confirm all clocks rotating at the same speed inside the loop tick at the same pace with each other, which should be uniformly slightly slower than the outside stationary clocks according to Einstein relativity.

As a result, when the rotating S measures light traveling faster or slower than light speed, the light must be actually traveling at faster or slower than light speed uniformly in every place along the loop (= because all rotating clocks along the loop run at the same pace symmetrically ), which Sagnac effect clearly contradicts Einstein relativity based on the constant light speed c.

↑ So any claims that the observed light speed should be always constant c also in Sagnac effect as seen in this-p.12-14 is wrong, based on wrong assumption of impossibility of synchronization of clocks (= this wrong constant light speed c claim clearly disagrees with the fact that light-1 anticlockwise and light-2 clockwise return to the rotating S at different times after traveling the same distance 2πr ).

But as seen by the rotating clocks and S inside the loop, the outside clocks appear to be moving in the opposite directions, hence, the outside clocks must run slower.

As a result, which clocks inside or outside the loop are rotating and running slower is paradoxical. which twin paradox clearly disproves Einstein relativity in addition to faster-than-light Sagnac effect and ehrenfest paradoxes.

General relativity, which paradoxically admits the light can travel faster or slower than light as observed by the rotating earth, can Not explain why the observed light speed is unaffected by the earth rotating around the Sun or galactic center.

(Fig.6)  General relativistic fictional Coriolis time dilation conveniently changed by the object's moving direction allows the paradoxical faster than light, causing unreal imaginary relativistic mass.  → Einstein is false.

Original general (= gravitational ) relativistic time dilation depending only on positions can Not be applied to Sagnac effect where two lights are observed to travel faster and slower in the same position.

The observer S rotating at a velocity rω (= r is the loop's radius, ω is the loop's angular velocity ) measures light traveling faster or slower than light depending on the light's traveling direction, which disproves Einstein relativity claiming the observed light speed must be always the constant c regardless of any moving observers.

General relativistic ( gravitational or acceleration ) time dilation depends on (pseudo-)gravitational potential φ causing clocks in different positions r or h (= r is distance from the star or rotating center ) with different (pseudo-)gravitational potential to tick at different speeds ( this-p.15 ).

↑ General relativistic time dilation should depend only on positions r or h, Not on velocities of particles, which basic Einstein relativistic rule is violated in this illegitimate general relativistic interpretation of the faster-than-light Sagnac effect.

The ordinary general relativistic time dilation can Not be applied to the rotating loop where all clocks along the rotating loop tick at the same pace symmetrically (= which synchronization can be easily monitored and confirmed by the outside stationary clocks ) with the same (centrifugal) potential that is the same in all places of the same radius r ( this-p.17-5.9 ).

↑ So there should be No general relativistic time dilation in the rotating frame (= as seen by the rotating observer S ) in positions along the loop with the same r from the center ( this-middle ), and only special relativistic irreparable time dilation paradox of moving clocks running slower remains, which disproves Einstein relativity.

Ad-hoc general relativistic solution to Sagnac effect relies on pseudo-Coriolis force time dilation that paradoxically allows light to travel faster or slower than light depending on the light traveling direction even in the same position.

So physicists have to introduce the ad-hoc new concept called "Coriolis pseudo-gravitational potential" that paradoxically speeds up or slows down the light speed depending on the light's traveling direction even in the same light's positions r ( this-p.4-5 ), which contradicts the original general relativistic time dilation that depends only on positions, Not on the light's traveling direction.

This paper ↓

p.1-right-says "there are still different interpretations of Sagnac experiment in the framework of the GTR (= general theory of relativity )."  ← still No right solution to Sagnac effect even in general relativity.

p.3-right-(32)(33) says "Equivalently we can say that there is a “gravitational” potential... which generates the the Coriolis tidal force "

p.4-left-(34)(35) falsely insists lights traveling in the opposite directions (= ±v = ±c ) experience different time dilations (= one light is faster, the other light is slower, = dτ₁ and dτ₂ ) even in the same place along the loop.

p.4-6 conclusion says "it seems that the speed of light varies by c ± ωr (= faster or slower than light speed c ) in one or the other direction around the disk.... by using the gravitational Coriolis time dilation"

There is No such thing as Coriolis force potential.

↑ First of all, there is No such thing as Coriolis potential, because Coriolis force is always perpendicular to the thing's moving direction, which can Not generate potential energy (= potential energy equals force × thing's moving distance in the same non-perpendicular direction,  this-last-paragraph ), as seen in the fact that there is No potential of Lorentz magnetic force exerted on particles moving in the direction perpendicular to magnetic field.

General relativity allows the rotating observer S to see lights traveling faster or slower than light like admitting absolute aether stationary with respect to the earth.

Second, it is impossible to accelerate the light faster than light speed c by applying this ad-hoc Coriolis potential time dilation only to the light, not to clocks around the light, because the light and the clocks (= or S ) along the loop exist in the same places along the loop.

If the S clock measures the light-1 (or light-2 ) traveling at the light speed c, the same S clock measures the other light-2 (or light-1 ) traveling slower (or faster ) than light speed, because light-1 and 2 return to the S at different times after traveling the same distance 2πr, hence, it is impossible for the gravitational time dilation to return the observed lights traveling faster or slower than light speeds c to the constant light speed c.

General (and special ) relativity is wrong, allowing unreal imaginary relativistic mass or energy of light observed to travel faster than light.

As a result, the general relativistic Sagnac effect allows the rotating observer S to measure light traveling faster (or slower ) than light, whose relativistic mass or energy (and time ) must be unreal imaginary, which clearly contradicts not only Einstein relativity but also reality.

↑ And this general relativistic solution to Sagnac effect paradoxically admits the absolute light aether stationary with respect to the earth ( this-p.1-right-lower~p.2-left ).

Faster than light Sagnac effect can be observed also in non-rotational system (= special relativity case ) when the radius r is very large, so relying on ad-hoc general relativity is nonsense.

Also in cases where the radius of the loop is very large r → ∞ and angular velocity ω → 0 to keep the same loop or S rotating speed rω, which corresponds to the linear motion of special relativity, the linearly-moving S still can measure light traveling faster or slower than light, disproving Einstein relativity ( this-middle~lower ).

↑ The difference in times (= Δt = 4πr²ω/c² ) required for light-1 anticlockwise and light-2 clockwise to return to the rotating S (= or S is linearly moving when r → ∞ ) becomes infinite (= Not zero, so two lights-1 and 2 travel at different speeds of faster or slower than light speed c ) also in case of special relativity of r → ∞, ω → 0, rω = constant ( this-p.2-(6) or p.3-(20) = Δt = 4πr²ω/c² → ∞ ).

↑ So Sagnac effect paradoxically allowing faster or slower than light speed corresponds also to linear motion or inertial frame, Not limited only to the rotating system or observers, hence, the claim that only general relativity can explain Sagnac effect (after special relativity failed to explain the observed faster than light Sagnac effect ) is false.

Ad-hoc general relativistic solution allowing faster than light speed can Not explain why light is measured to travel faster only by the earth spinning, Not by the earth rotating around Sun or galactic center.

Furthermore, light emitted from GPS satellite is observed to travel faster or slower than light only when seen by the earth spinning, Not by the earth rotating around Sun nor galactic center (= as shown in Michelson- Morley experiment measuring the constant light speed in any directions ), which contradicts this general relativistic interpretation of Sagnac effect applied to any rotating systems that cannot distinguish the earth spinning and the earth rotating around the Sun.

The only legitimate explanation agreeing with the observed Sagnac effect without any contradictions is the light medium unfixed to the earth spinning (= detecting Sagnac effect where light speed is changed by the earth's spinning ) moving with the earth (= compatible with Michelson-Morley experiment and aberration ).

(Fig.7)  Relativity claims the light speed with respect to the stationary medium (= rotating with S ) must be always c/n (= n is refractive index of the medium ), which is wrong.

Sagnac effect using optical fiber medium is also compatible with the light medium disproving Einstein relativity.

In Sagnac effect using optical fiber with refractive index n, the light speed is heavily influenced by the light medium in the fiber, which also confirms the light medium (= aether ) moving with the earth.

Fizeau experiment showed the light speed c is slowed down to c/n (= n is water's refractive index ) in water medium, and the light is partially dragged by the moving water medium.

↑ Einstein relativity or its Lorentz transformation can Not explain why the light speed c is suddenly slowed down to c/n inside the water medium, so false.

As shown in Fig.7, the difference in time needed for light-1 (= traveling anticlockwise ) and light-2 (= traveling clockwise ) to reach the S rotating clockwise at a velocity of v = rω (= r is radius of the circular path, ω is the angular velocity of the path ) is almost independent of the refractive index n ( this p.6,  this-last ), which can be explained by the real medium theory partially dragging light of Fizeau ( this p.13-lower,  this p.2 ).

↑ Transparent medium such as optical fiber and water allows almost all the earth's light medium to pass through it, and partially affects it.

S rotating with the optical fiber medium sees light speeds different from c/n, which contradicts relativistic interpretation of Fizeau experiment.

The fact that two lights reaching the rotating S inside the rotating optical fiber medium at different times means the light speed is Not uniform in the rest frame of the (optical fiber) medium which contradicts the relativistic interpretation of Fizeau experiment where light speed must be always the same c/n in the rest frame of the medium whose refractive index is n ( this p.16-upper,  this p.6-(25)(26) ).

Disproving Einstein relativity rejecting the medium means disproving quantum mechanics based on unphysical wave-particle duality or parallel universes.

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